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  3. Cottonmouth

One of the 2 moccasins on WAnimals

Reptiles · Squamata · Viperidae

Cottonmouth

Agkistrodon piscivorus

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The cottonmouth is a venomous snake, a pit viper, that lives in the south-eastern United States. Adults are large and capable of delivering a painful and potentially fatal bite. If confronted, they defend themselves by coiling and showing their fangs. Although their aggressiveness has been exaggerated, on rare occasions territorial males will approach intruders aggressively. This is one of the few semi-aquatic pit vipers in the world, and is generally found in or near water, particularly in shallow, slow-moving lakes, streams and marshes. This snake is a very good swimmer and sometimes even goes out to sea, having successfully colonised islands off the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts.

Weight

300 g – 2 kg

Size

65 cm – 1.4 m

Life expectancy

20 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Temperate forestFreshwater
1countries6parks22same family

Fun facts

  • GeneralIt gapes to show the white lining of its mouth as a warning, which is where the name cottonmouth comes from.
  • It is one of the few semi-aquatic vipers in the world: it hunts fish, frogs and other snakes under water and can stay submerged for long spells, something very few vipers do as a matter of course.
  • Its reputation for aggression is false: a classic study deliberately trod on dozens of individuals in boots and only a minority tried to bite; most fled or merely gaped in warning.
  • That display of the white mouth lining is the species' most characteristic warning signal and the origin of its English name, cottonmouth.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (reptile)
Habitat and environment
Swamps, bayous, marshes, riverbanks and rice fields of the south-eastern United States
Sexual maturity
3 years
Gestation / incubation
5 months
Litter / clutch size
8

Sources consulted: Wikipedia (es): Agkistrodon piscivorus

Where to find it

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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Cottonmouth — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about cottonmouth.

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano
See its range on the interactive map→
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Great Horned Owl

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CountriesUnited States
ParksEvergladesUnited States
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Nocturnal
Solitary
Reptile
Temperate forest
Freshwater
United States