One of the 7 woodpeckers on WAnimals

Birds · Piciformes · Picidae

Ivory-billed Woodpecker

Campephilus principalis

Critically Endangered

It faces an extremely high risk of imminent extinction in the wild. See full glossary

One of the largest woodpeckers in the world and the largest there ever was in the United States. Intense black-and-white plumage, with an ivory-coloured bill, from which its name comes, and a red crest in the males. Audubon called it "the great chieftain of the Woodpecker tribe".

Weight

450 g – 570 g

Size

48 cm – 53 cm

Diet

Insectivore

Feeds mainly on insects and other invertebrates.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

In pairs

Usually lives in pairs, sometimes for life.

Sighting difficulty

Very hard

Estimated population

No confirmed population

2countries14same family

Fun facts

  • The mass deforestation of the southern United States after the Civil War broke its habitat into isolated islands and precipitated its disappearance.
  • Despite the lack of conclusive evidence, a study published in Heliyon argues for protecting its priority habitat in Florida and Louisiana in case it survives.
  • Its genus, Campephilus, means "lover of caterpillars", after its diet of beetle grubs.

Life cycle & biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat & environment
Mature hardwood floodplain forest, including dense swamps, and temperate conifer forest with plenty of dead or diseased trees. Before the American Civil War it ranged from eastern Texas to North Carolina and from southern Illinois to Florida, as well as Cuba

Sources consulted: IUCN Red List; Servicio de Pesca y Vida Silvestre de Estados Unidos (propuesta de declaración de extinción, 2021); SEO/BirdLife; Benz, Robbins y Peterson 2006, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40; Fleischer et al.; Linnaeus 1758

Best time: No unanimously accepted sightings since 1944 in the United States and 1987 in Cuba

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Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Ivory-billed Woodpecker — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

How to help

The ivory-billed woodpecker is classified as critically endangered. Organizations such as UICN, WWF y Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programs is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

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