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  3. Cod
Cod (Gadus morhua)

Bony fish · Gadiformes · Gadidae

Cod

Gadus morhua

Vulnerable

At high risk of extinction in the wild over the medium term.

Spotted something wrong?

The collapse of the Newfoundland cod fishery in 1992, caused by systematic overfishing, cost tens of thousands of jobs and remains one of the most cited examples of a fishery destroyed by unsustainable management.

Weight

up to 96 kg

Size

up to 2 m

Life expectancy

20 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Irregular activity

Active at irregular times, by day or night depending on circumstances.

Social structure

School

Gathers in coordinated schools, typical of fish.

Sighting difficulty

Moderate

Ocean
24countries47parks27dive sites5same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It eats copepods as a juvenile, and fish such as herring and capelin along with crustaceans as an adult.
  • It lives on the continental-shelf sea floor of the North Atlantic, from the shore down to 600 m.
  • A large female can release as many as 9 million eggs.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - bony skeleton (fish)
Habitat and environment
Continental-shelf sea floor of the North Atlantic, from the shore down to 600 m
Birth weight
Pelagic egg; a tiny larva after hatching
Size at birth
Tiny on hatching, living in the plankton for its first few months
Sexual maturity
1.7-8 years depending on the population (most commonly 2-5 years)
Gestation / incubation
12-14 days of egg development
Litter / clutch size
2.5 to 9 million eggs in a large female

Sources consulted: MarLIN; Animal Diversity Web; A-Z Animals; MarineBio; Animalia.bio; AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); Ocean Insider; FishBase; PMC (batch survival study); Wikipedia (Canadian Atlantic Cod)

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 20 of 74.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Cod — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park

How to help

The cod is classified as vulnerable. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 12 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about cod.

Comments

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the cod.

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See full glossary
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The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
VatnajokullIceland
AcadiaUnited States
Gros MorneCanada
FundyCanada
AuyuittuqCanada
Wadden Sea National ParkDenmark
Wadden SeaGermany
Pembrokeshire CoastUnited Kingdom
NorthumberlandUnited Kingdom
Wrangel IslandRussia
Scapa FlowUnited Kingdom
Farne IslandsUnited Kingdom
Lofoten (orcas)Norway
SaltstraumenNorway
Svalbard (ice diving)Norway
Berlengas IslandsPortugal
St AbbsUnited Kingdom
Malin HeadIreland
Block Island (Mohawk wreck)United States
Strýtan (hydrothermal chimney)Iceland
See all 47 parks
See all 27 dive sites
Vulnerable

Haddock

Melanogrammus aeglefinus

Least Concern

Pouting

Trisopterus luscus

Not Evaluated

Blue Whiting

Micromesistius poutassou

Least Concern

Whiting

Merlangius merlangus

Least Concern

Pollack

Pollachius pollachius

Sperm WhaleVulnerable

Sperm Whale

Physeter macrocephalus

CountriesCanada
ParksVatnajokullIceland
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Variable activity
In schools
Vulnerable
Fish
Ocean

Europe17

Africa3

North America3

Asia1

Canada
United Kingdom
Norway
Portugal
United States
Germany
Belgium
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Iceland
Ireland
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Mauritania
Morocco
Senegal
Canada
Greenland
United States
Russia