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  2. Sperm Whale

Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus)

Mammals · Artiodactyla · Physeteridae

Sperm Whale

Physeter macrocephalus

Vulnerable

At high risk of extinction in the wild over the medium term.

Spotted something wrong?

It has the largest brain of any known animal, weighing around 9.2 kg. It makes the deepest and longest dives of any marine mammal.

Weight

14 t – 63 t

Size

11 m – 20 m

Life expectancy

65 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Irregular activity

Active at irregular times, by day or night depending on circumstances.

Social structure

Family group

Lives in small family groups with close bonds.

Sighting difficulty

Moderate

Ocean
154countries38parks20dive sites1natural phenomena2featured routes

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It has the largest brain of any known animal, which can weigh up to 9.2 kg.
  • It can stay submerged for up to 90 to 140 minutes hunting deep-sea squid, including the giant squid.
  • It shows marked sexual dimorphism: males can weigh more than twice as much as females.
  • anatomíaIt has the largest brain of any known animal, which can weigh over 7 kg.
  • comunicaciónFamily units have their own dialects of clicks, called codas, which distinguish the members of one clan from another rather like a cultural accent.
  • récordIt can dive to over 2,000 metres to hunt giant squid, making it one of the deepest-diving mammals known.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Deep ocean waters worldwide, from the equator to the edge of the polar ice
Birth weight
~1 tonne and 4 m long at birth
Size at birth
~1 tonne and 4 m at birth
Sexual maturity
Female: ~9 years | Male: a prolonged puberty from 10 to 20 years, with full physical maturity at 50
Gestation / incubation
14-16 months
Litter / clutch size
1 calf every 5-7 years

Sources consulted: Alaska Department of Fish and Game; MarineBio; NOAA Fisheries; AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); A-Z Animals; Quark Expeditions; PMC (Italian coast life history study)

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 20 of 58.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Sperm Whale — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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How to help

The sperm whale is classified as vulnerable. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 15 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Related guides

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about sperm whale.

Comments

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the sperm whale.

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Species
One of the 3 sperm whales on WAnimals
See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Galápagos National ParkEcuador
VatnajokullIceland
CalanquesFrance
Glacier BayUnited States
Channel IslandsUnited States
Gros MorneCanada
Pacific RimCanada
Gwaii HaanasCanada
Guadalupe IslandMexico
Revillagigedo ArchipelagoMexico
Darwin IslandEcuador
Wolf IslandEcuador
Cocos IslandCosta Rica
Alor ArchipelagoIndonesia
Ogasawara IslandsJapan
Fiordland (Milford Sound)New Zealand
Blue Bay Marine ParkMauritius
Pigeon IslandSri Lanka
El Hierro / La RestingaSpain
Scandola Reserve (Corsica)France
See all 38 parks
See all 20 dive sites
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SpurdogVulnerable

Spurdog

Squalus acanthias

Where to dive with Sperm Whale6 places
CountriesCanada
ParksGalápagos National ParkEcuador
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Variable activity
Family group
Vulnerable
Ocean
Mammal

North America35

Asia29

Africa28

Europe28

Oceania21

South America10

Antarctica3

Canada
United States
France
Spain
Ecuador
Japan
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Canada
Cayman Islands
Costa Rica
Cuba
Curaçao
Dominica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Martinique
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands
United States
Bangladesh
Brunei
Cambodia
China
Georgia
India
Indonesia
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Lebanon
Malaysia
Maldives
Myanmar
Oman
Pakistan
Palestine
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Türkiye
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Yemen
Algeria
Angola
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Eritrea
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Libya
Madagascar
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Morocco
Mozambique
Réunion
São Tomé and Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Tunisia
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
France
Gibraltar
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Malta
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Ukraine
United Kingdom
American Samoa
Australia
Cook Islands
Fiji
French Polynesia
Guam
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Niue
Northern Mariana Islands
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Falkland Islands
French Guiana
Guyana
Suriname
Venezuela
Antarctica
French Southern Territories
South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands