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  3. Great White Shark
Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)

Cartilaginous fish · Lamniformes · Lamnidae

Great White Shark

Carcharodon carcharias

Vulnerable

At high risk of extinction in the wild over the medium term.

Spotted something wrong?

The largest predatory fish in the ocean, with an extraordinary sense of smell able to detect a drop of blood in 100 litres of water.

Weight

680 kg – 1.1 t

Size

4 m – 6 m

Life expectancy

40 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Irregular activity

Active at irregular times, by day or night depending on circumstances.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Moderate

Ocean
68countries31parks16dive sites2same family1natural phenomena

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It can pick up the faintest electrical signals from its prey.
  • It can launch itself clear of the water when hunting.
  • It is more fragile than it looks: it is classed as a vulnerable species.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - cartilaginous, not bony, skeleton (chondrichthyan fish)
Habitat and environment
Temperate and subtropical coastal and open waters worldwide
Size at birth
1.0 - 1.5 metres long at birth
Sexual maturity
Estimates vary widely: classic studies put maturity at ~9-10 years for males and ~14-16 for females; a 2014 radiocarbon study suggests far greater ages (~26 for males, ~33 for females)
Gestation / incubation
Estimated at 11 to 18 months (possibly as long as 2 years); never directly observed
Litter / clutch size
2 to 10 pups per litter (up to 14-17 documented in exceptional cases)

Sources consulted: MarineBio; A-Z Animals; Animal Diversity Web; AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); Animalia.bio; Hamady et al. 2014 (PubMed, estudio de radiocarbono)

Where to find it

Best time: April to September in South Africa

Loading map…

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 20 of 47.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Great White Shark — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park

How to help

The great white shark is classified as vulnerable. Organisations such as Shark Research Institute work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

Visit the Shark Research Institute website

It's documented in 12 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Related guides

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about great white shark.

Comments

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the great white shark.

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See full glossary
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The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Kruger National ParkSouth Africa
AcadiaUnited States
Channel IslandsUnited States
Guadalupe IslandMexico
Table MountainSouth Africa
FreycinetAustralia
Wilsons PromontoryAustralia
Royal National ParkAustralia
FiordlandNew Zealand
CoorongAustralia
Channel Islands National ParkUnited States
Guadalupe Island (great white shark)Mexico
Aliwal ShoalSouth Africa
False Bay (great white shark)South Africa
Monterey Bay (Point Lobos)United States
Neah BayUnited States
Neptune IslandsAustralia
Protea BanksSouth Africa
Cape Town Kelp ForestSouth Africa
Montague IslandAustralia
See all 31 parks
See all 16 dive sites
Vulnerable

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Endangered

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Sperm Whale

Physeter macrocephalus

Leatherback Sea TurtleVulnerable

Leatherback Sea Turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

GrayfishVulnerable

Grayfish

Alopias vulpinus

Horse MackerelVulnerable

Horse Mackerel

Trachurus trachurus

Where to dive with Great White Shark5 places
CountriesAustralia
ParksKruger National ParkSouth Africa
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Variable activity
Solitary
Vulnerable
Fish
Ocean

Asia18

Africa16

Europe11

North America9

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