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  3. Greece

Greece

Europe

624

Documented species

15

Parks and reserves

11

Dive sites

Greece is the most fragmented country in Europe: some six thousand islands and islets and a peninsula crossed by mountains have produced a very high degree of biological isolation and one of the richest floras on the continent. The northern mainland keeps the dense forests of the Pindus and wetlands such as the Prespa lakes, where the largest Dalmatian pelican colony in the world breeds, and the Dadia forest, which brings together cinereous, griffon and Egyptian vultures in the only breeding colony of cinereous vulture in the Balkans. Crete adds deep gorges such as Samariá, with its endemic wild goat, and an island flora full of endemics. The Ionian and Aegean coasts are nesting grounds for the loggerhead turtle, and the waters of the Sporades hold the most endangered marine mammal in Europe.

Nature in Greece

National animal: The dolphin is the de facto emblematic animal; the owl was the symbol of classical Athens

Did you know?

The Mediterranean monk seal, so common in antiquity that it appeared on Greek coins and in the writings of Homer and Aristotle, was reduced to a few hundred animals sheltering in sea caves that are hard to reach. Greece holds most of the world population, above all in the Alonissos marine park, and the recovery has been solid enough for the IUCN to keep downgrading its threat category from Critically Endangered to Vulnerable.

Biodiversity profile

Conservation

Zakynthos holds one of the largest loggerhead turtle nesting beaches in the Mediterranean, with a long history of conflict between tourism and protection. Dadia sustains the Balkan cinereous vulture through supplementary feeding stations and the fight against poisoning.

Where and when to watch wildlife

Alonissos between May and September for monk seals and seabirds. Prespa in spring for pelicans in breeding condition, their pouches stained orange. Dadia year-round from the vulture hide.

Natural phenomena in Greece

  • Loggerhead turtle nesting on Zante (Zakynthos) — May to October (peak nesting Jun-Jul)

Parks and reserves

World Heritage Site (Mixed)

Meteora

Monasteries perched on sixty-million-year-old conglomerate pillars, a property inscribed under both cultural and natural criteria.

See park
World Heritage Site (Mixed)

Mount Athos

An autonomous monastic state on an Aegean peninsula, a mixed property and a territory closed to women for a thousand years.

See park
National Park

Mount Olympus

Greece's first national park; the mythological home of the gods

See park
National Marine Park

Alonissos and the Northern Sporades

The largest marine protected area in Europe

See park
National Park (transboundary)

Prespa

One of the oldest lakes in Europe, shared between three countries, and home to the largest Dalmatian pelican colony in the world

See park
National Park

Ainos

The only Cephalonian fir forest in the world, on the highest mountain in the Ionian Sea.

See park
National Park

Samaria Gorge

One of the longest river gorges in Europe, with the Iron Gates narrowing to barely 3 metres across

See park
Marine Park

Alonissos Marine Park

The largest marine protected area in Europe, created to save the Mediterranean monk seal.

See park
Marine Park

Zakynthos Marine Park

The first protected area in the Mediterranean created to conserve sea turtles, holding 80% of the sea's loggerhead nests.

See park
National Park

Oiti

The mountain where myth says Heracles died, holding 20% of the Greek flora and temporary Mediterranean ponds.

See park
National Park

Parnassus

One of Greece's first two national parks, created in 1938 on the mountain of the Muses and of Delphi.

See park
National Park

Parnitha

Athens's mountain, a refuge for the Attic red deer and badly hit by the fire of 2007.

See park
National Park

Schinias-Marathon

The wetland and pine wood of Marathon, on the battlefield of 490 BC, and the Olympic rowing venue in 2004.

See park
National Park

Sounion

The southernmost cape of Attica, with the temple of Poseidon on the cliff and Mediterranean scrub.

See park
National Park

Vikos-Aoös

The Vikos gorge, one of the deepest canyons in the world relative to its width, in Epirus.

See park

Diving and snorkelling

Classical-period archaeological wreck

Peristera wreck (Alonnisos Underwater Museum)

The wreck of a large classical-era merchant ship, loaded with thousands of amphorae that still lie stacked on the bottom exactly as they came to rest. It was found in 1982 by the Greek diver and fisherman Dimitrios Mavrikis together with his son Kostas, and he reported it to the Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities, which surveyed it in 1991 under the direction of Elpida Hadjidaki.

See dive site
Reef/Reserve

Zakynthos (loggerhead turtle)

The park was created to protect the loggerhead turtle nesting beaches of Laganas Bay, among the most important in the Mediterranean, as well as the monk seal and other species.

See dive site
Wreck

Amorgos (Le Grand Bleu wreck)

The wreck of the freighter Olympia, made famous by Luc Besson's film The Big Blue.

See dive site
Cave/Rocky reef

Corfu (Paleokastritsa)

The north-west coast of Corfu with sea caves and limestone cliffs carved by the swell.

See dive site
Rocky reef/Pink beach

Elafonisi (Crete)

The south-western tip of Crete, famous for its pink sand beach and shallow crystalline water.

See dive site
Rocky reef/Cave

Halkidiki

Three peninsulas in the northern Greek Aegean with warm water and underwater caves barely touched by dive tourism.

See dive site
Sea cave

Kastellorizo (Blue Cave)

A small island at Greece's eastern edge with a spectacular cave of iridescent blue light.

See dive site
Volcanic/Cave

Milos

A volcanic island with unique underwater geological formations and water of spectacular mineral tones.

See dive site
Rocky reef/Wreck

Rhodes

A historic island with several Second World War wrecks and the warm water of the eastern Aegean.

See dive site
Volcanic/Wreck

Santorini (volcanic caldera)

The caldera of an active supervolcano with black lava walls and a nearby Second World War aircraft wreck.

See dive site
Cave/Rocky reef

Symi

An island with a strong historical tradition of natural sponge diving, in the crystalline water of the Dodecanese.

See dive site

Wildlife you can see now

What is worth looking out for this month in Greece?

Loggerhead TurtleVulnerable

Loggerhead Turtle

Caretta caretta

Now is a good time: Loggerhead turtle nesting on Zante (Zakynthos) (May to October (peak nesting Jun-Jul))

Similar countries

Where else might I want to travel?

Spain

Same region: Southern Europe

Italy

Same region: Southern Europe

Portugal

Same region: Southern Europe

Andorra

Same region: Southern Europe

Species documented in Greece

Filter
Class
Family
Habitat
Diet
Conservation

624 species found

Related guides

  • Where to see Turtles and Tortoises in Greece11 species
  • Threatened mammals of Greece8 species
  • Birds in Greece4 species

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about Greece.

ParkMeteoraDivingPeristera wreck (Alonnisos Underwater Museum)

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This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano
AngelsharkCritically Endangered

Angelshark

Squatina squatina

European EelCritically Endangered

European Eel

Anguilla anguilla

SturgeonCritically Endangered

Sturgeon

Acipenser sturio

Common GuitarfishCritically Endangered

Common Guitarfish

Rhinobatos rhinobatos

Fan MusselCritically Endangered

Fan Mussel

Pinna nobilis

Egyptian VultureEndangered

Egyptian Vulture

Neophron percnopterus

Atlantic Bluefin TunaEndangered

Atlantic Bluefin Tuna

Thunnus thynnus

Blue WhaleEndangered

Blue Whale

Balaenoptera musculus

Red CoralEndangered

Red Coral

Corallium rubrum

Dusky PerchEndangered

Dusky Perch

Epinephelus marginatus

Smooth-houndEndangered

Smooth-hound

Mustelus mustelus

Freshwater Pearl MusselEndangered

Freshwater Pearl Mussel

Margaritifera margaritifera

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