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High-altitude ecosystems, where the climate changes every hundred metres.
Climbing a mountain is the equivalent of travelling through latitudes: within a few kilometres you pass from forest to scrub, to alpine pasture, to bare rock. That compression creates narrow bands of habitat isolated from one another, which turns summits into biological islands with a great many endemic species and very little room for manoeuvre. Their inhabitants cope with less oxygen, more radiation and a cold that can arrive in any month, and many solve winter by dropping in altitude rather than migrating far.
Based on what we already know about mountain.
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