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  3. Rock Pigeon

One of the 10 pigeons on WAnimals

Rock Pigeon (Columba livia)

Birds · Columbiformes · Columbidae

Rock Pigeon

Columba livia

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

It is the wild ancestor of every domestic and homing pigeon in the world. Both the male and the female produce crop milk to feed their young.

Weight

300 g – 400 g

Size

28 cm – 38 cm

Life expectancy

4 years

Diet

Omnivore

Combines animal and plant food depending on availability.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Colony

Lives in large concentrations, often for breeding reasons.

Mountain
51countries110parks11same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It is the wild ancestor of every domestic and homing pigeon in the world.
  • Both the male and the female produce crop milk, a secretion rich in fat and protein.
  • It can raise as many as 6 broods a year.
  • inteligenciaIt can recognise letters of the alphabet and tell paintings by different artists apart in laboratory experiments.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - pneumatised bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Rocky cliffs in the wild; widely adapted to towns and cities around the world
Birth weight
15.2 grams at hatching
Size at birth
Blind and thinly downed on hatching; fed on crop milk regurgitated by both parents
Sexual maturity
~4.5 months (140 days)
Gestation / incubation
17-19 days
Litter / clutch size
1 to 3 eggs per clutch (2 most often), up to 6 broods a year
Life expectancy in captivity
Documented record of 35 years in captivity

Sources consulted: AnAge (genomics.senescence.info) · NHPBS NatureWorks · Birds of the World · BioKIDS · American Pest Control · Rock Pigeon (tsusinvasives.org)

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 110.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Rock Pigeon — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about rock pigeon.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the rock pigeon.
See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Doñana National ParkSpain
Lake DistrictUnited Kingdom
CairngormsUnited Kingdom
Snowdonia (Eryri)United Kingdom
KillarneyIreland
Gran ParadisoItaly
VanoiseFrance
Stelvio (Stilfserjoch)Italy
ÉcrinsFrance
MercantourFrance
See all 110 parks
Near Threatened

Laurel Pigeon

Columba junoniae

Near Threatened

Bolle's Pigeon

Columba bollii

Least Concern

Common Wood Pigeon

Columba palumbus

Least Concern

Eurasian Collared Dove

Streptopelia decaocto

Griffon VultureLeast Concern

Griffon Vulture

Gyps fulvus

Least Concern

Dunnock

Prunella modularis

CountriesSpain
ParksDoñana National ParkSpain
TagsOmnivore
Omnivore
Diurnal
Colonial
Bird
Mountain

Europe43

Asia5

North America3

Spain
Italy
United Kingdom
France
Portugal
Ireland
Albania
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Bulgaria
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Denmark
Estonia
Finland
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Gibraltar
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Hungary
Ireland
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Kosovo
Latvia
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Lithuania
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Monaco
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Netherlands
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Portugal
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