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  3. Hamadryas Baboon

One of the 2 baboons on WAnimals

Mammals · Primates · Cercopithecidae

Hamadryas Baboon

Papio hamadryas

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

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The hamadryas baboon, also known as the sacred baboon or the Egyptian sacred baboon, is a catarrhine primate of the family Cercopithecidae that lives in the semi-deserts, dry savannas and rocky areas of Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. There are also small populations on the Arabian Peninsula, near the shores of the Red Sea, which may be of natural origin or may have been introduced by people.

Weight

10 kg – 30 kg

Size

60 cm – 70 cm

Life expectancy

35 years

Diet

Omnivore

Combines animal and plant food depending on availability.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Hierarchical pack

Lives in an organised hierarchical group, typical of cooperative hunters.

SavannaDesertMountain
7countries6parks44same family

Fun facts

  • Its society has four nested levels: the one-male unit with several females, the clan, the band and the troop, which can gather several hundred animals on the same cliff at nightfall.
  • It was a sacred animal in Ancient Egypt, associated with Thoth, god of writing and knowledge, and tens of thousands of individuals were mummified.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Arid savanna, semi-desert and rocky cliffs of the Horn of Africa and south-western Arabia
Size at birth
Born with its eyes open, clinging to its mother's fur from the first day
Sexual maturity
4.1 years
Gestation / incubation
5.6 months
Litter / clutch size
1

Sources consulted: Wikipedia (es): Papio hamadryas

Where to find it

Best time: All year round in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and south-western Arabia, by day; at dusk hundreds gather at cliff roosts.

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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Hamadryas Baboon — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about hamadryas baboon.

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See its range on the interactive map→
SimienEthiopia
Asir National ParkSaudi Arabia
AwashEthiopia
OmoEthiopia
MagoEthiopia
NechisarEthiopia
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Blue MonkeyLeast Concern

Blue Monkey

Cercopithecus mitis

CountriesEthiopia
ParksSimienEthiopia
TagsOmnivore
Omnivore
Diurnal
In packs
Savanna
Desert
Mountain
Mammal
EthiopiaSaudi ArabiaDjiboutiEritreaSomaliaSudanYemen