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  3. Olive Baboon

One of the 2 baboons on WAnimals

Mammals · Primates · Cercopithecidae

Olive Baboon

Papio anubis

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

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It is the most widely distributed baboon, found in 25 countries across sub-Saharan Africa, and is much used in biomedical and behavioural research.

Weight

10 kg – 37 kg

Size

60 cm – 76 cm

Life expectancy

30 years

Diet

Omnivore

Combines animal and plant food depending on availability.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Herd

Lives in large groups as a strategy against predators.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

Savanna
21countries26parks44same family

Fun facts

  • In Ancient Egypt, baboons were held sacred and linked to the god Thoth.
  • It feeds mainly on roots, grasses and fruit, supplemented with small invertebrates and vertebrates.
  • It lives in savannah, grassland, steppe and tropical woodland across sub-Saharan Africa.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Savannah, grassland, steppe and tropical woodland in 25 sub-Saharan countries; the most widely distributed baboon
Birth weight
Weight at birth not found as a precise figure
Size at birth
Wholly dependent, carried in its mother's arm for the first few days
Sexual maturity
Female: 7-8 years | Male: 8-10 years
Gestation / incubation
~187 days (6 months)
Litter / clutch size
1 young (twins rare)

Sources consulted: AboutAnimals; A-Z Animals; Animal Diversity Web; PMC (segmental morphometrics study, Zika infection study); Animalia.bio

Where to find it

Best time: All year round, by day, in savannah, gallery forest and rocky country of central and eastern Africa.

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 26.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Olive Baboon — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about olive baboon.

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See full glossary
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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Kruger National ParkSouth Africa
Table MountainSouth Africa
Moremi (Okavango Delta)Botswana
ChobeBotswana
EtoshaNamibia
Namib-NaukluftNamibia
HwangeZimbabwe
South LuangwaZambia
KafueZambia
Fish River CanyonNamibia
See all 26 parks
Yellow BaboonLeast Concern

Yellow Baboon

Papio cynocephalus

GrivetLeast Concern

Grivet

Chlorocebus aethiops

Chacma BaboonLeast Concern

Chacma Baboon

Papio ursinus

Not Evaluated

Vervet Monkey

Chlorocebus pygerythrus

Least Concern

Patas Monkey

Erythrocebus patas

Least Concern

Hamadryas Baboon

Papio hamadryas

CountriesSouth Africa
ParksKruger National ParkSouth Africa
TagsOmnivore
Omnivore
Diurnal
In herds
Savanna
Mammal
South Africa
Namibia
Zimbabwe
Botswana
Zambia
Angola
Angola
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eswatini
Ethiopia
Guinea
Kenya
Lesotho
Malawi
Mali
Mozambique
Namibia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe