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  1. Home
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  3. Humboldt Penguin

One of the 15 penguins on WAnimals

Humboldt Penguin (Spheniscus humboldti)

Birds · Sphenisciformes · Spheniscidae

Humboldt Penguin

Spheniscus humboldti

Vulnerable

At high risk of extinction in the wild over the medium term.

Spotted something wrong?

Unlike most penguins, which usually raise only one of their two chicks, this species normally manages to incubate and rear both eggs successfully.

Weight

4 kg – 5 kg

Size

56 cm – 70 cm

Life expectancy

20 years

Diet

Piscivore

Feeds mainly on fish.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Colony

Lives in large concentrations, often for breeding reasons.

OceanIslands
2countries6parks2dive sites14same family1featured routes

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It can stay under for 60 to 150 seconds on a hunting dive.
  • It feeds mainly on anchoveta and other small shoaling fish.
  • It lives on rocky coasts and islands of the Pacific off Peru and Chile, in the cold Humboldt Current.
  • conservaciónIt nests in burrows dug into guano deposits built up over centuries on the coasts of Peru and Chile, a habitat reduced by commercial guano extraction.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - pneumatised bony skeleton, flightless bird adapted for diving
Habitat and environment
Rocky coasts and islands of the Pacific off Peru and Chile, in the cold Humboldt Current
Birth weight
Weight at hatching not found as a precise figure
Size at birth
Soft grey down on the breast and pale yellow on the belly at hatching
Sexual maturity
2-7 years (~3 years most commonly given)
Gestation / incubation
39-42 days
Litter / clutch size
2 eggs per clutch, with up to 2 incubation cycles a year
Life expectancy in captivity
A documented record of at least 20 years in captivity

Sources consulted: Britannica · SeaWorld/Busch Gardens · BioExpedition · Biological Diversity · MarineBio · Animalia.bio · AnAge (genomics.senescence.info) · Animal Diversity Web · PMC (foot darkening age study)

Where to find it

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The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Humboldt Penguin — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park
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How to help

The humboldt penguin is classified as vulnerable. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 6 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about humboldt penguin.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the humboldt penguin.
See full glossary
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See its range on the interactive map→
ChiloeChile
ParacasPeru
Pan de AzucarChile
Los Pingüinos Natural Monument (Magdalena Island)Chile
Fray JorgeChile
La CampanaChile
Ballestas IslandsPeru
Punta de ChorosChile
Magellanic PenguinLeast Concern

Magellanic Penguin

Spheniscus magellanicus

Guanay CormorantNear Threatened

Guanay Cormorant

Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum

Peruvian PelicanNear Threatened

Peruvian Pelican

Pelecanus thagus

Peruvian BoobyLeast Concern

Peruvian Booby

Sula variegata

South American Fur SealLeast Concern

South American Fur Seal

Arctocephalus australis

South American Sea LionLeast Concern

South American Sea Lion

Otaria flavescens

CountriesChile
ParksChiloeChile
TagsPiscivore
Piscivore
Diurnal
Colonial
Vulnerable
Bird
Ocean
Islands
Chile
Peru