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  3. Red Deer

One of the 12 deer on WAnimals

Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

Mammals · Artiodactyla · Cervidae

Red Deer

Cervus elaphus

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The red deer, also called the European deer or common deer, is a deer widely distributed across the northern hemisphere. Some twenty-seven distinct subspecies have been documented, differing from one another in size, length, coat colour and antler shape, with a range extending from western Asia to the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula and Great Britain. The deer of eastern Asia and North America are accepted as belonging to a species of their own, Cervus canadensis. Deer reach puberty a year after birth.

Weight

200 kg on average

Size

up to 2.5 m

Life expectancy

20 years

Diet

Herbivore

Feeds mainly on plants.

Activity

Crepuscular

Active mainly at dawn and dusk.

Social structure

Herd

Lives in large groups as a strategy against predators.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

Temperate forest
53countries66parks23same family2natural phenomena1featured routes

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • fisiologíaStags shed and completely regrow their antlers every year, one of the fastest-growing tissues known in any mammal.
  • The rut is its most spectacular moment: in autumn the stags roar to gather and hold a harem, walk in parallel with a rival, sizing each other up, and only come to an antler fight if neither gives way.
  • That deep roar is an adaptation to the forest, where sound matters more than visual display.
  • A dominant stag can gather up to twenty hinds during the rut.
  • The wapiti of North America and eastern Asia was considered a subspecies of it for decades. Genetic studies separated it as a species in its own right, Cervus canadensis, although in captivity the two hybridise and produce fertile offspring.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Deciduous and coniferous woodland, heaths, mountain meadows and dehesa wood pasture across Europe, western Asia and North Africa; also open ground where it is not persecuted
Birth weight
About 15 kg
Sexual maturity
2.3 years
Gestation / incubation
8 months
Litter / clutch size
1
Life expectancy in captivity
31

Sources consulted: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_deer

Where to find it

Best time: September and October, during the rut

Loading map…

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 66.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Red Deer — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about red deer.

Comments

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Doñana National ParkSpain
Lake DistrictUnited Kingdom
CairngormsUnited Kingdom
KillarneyIreland
Swiss National ParkSwitzerland
Hohe TauernAustria
BerchtesgadenGermany
Stelvio (Stilfserjoch)Italy
MercantourFrance
TriglavSlovenia
See all 66 parks
Reeves' MuntjacLeast Concern

Reeves' Muntjac

Muntiacus reevesi

Sika DeerLeast Concern

Sika Deer

Cervus nippon

Fallow DeerLeast Concern

Fallow Deer

Dama dama

Roe DeerLeast Concern

Roe Deer

Capreolus capreolus

MooseLeast Concern

Moose

Alces alces

ReindeerVulnerable

Reindeer

Rangifer tarandus

CountriesSpain
ParksDoñana National ParkSpain
TagsHerbivore
Herbivore
Crepuscular
In herds
Temperate forest
Mammal

Europe40

Asia11

Africa1

North America1

Spain
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Poland
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