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  1. Home
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  3. Harp Seal

One of the 13 seals on WAnimals

Mammals · Carnivora · Phocidae

Harp Seal

Pagophilus groenlandicus

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The harp seal is one of the most abundant pinnipeds in the northern hemisphere, with several million animals spread across three great populations: the north-western Atlantic, the Greenland Sea and the White Sea. Its scientific name means ice-lover, and that defines its biology: it gives birth, suckles and moults on drifting sea ice. It makes migrations of thousands of kilometres and regularly dives below 200 metres to hunt capelin, polar cod and crustaceans.

Weight

115 kg – 140 kg

Size

1.6 m – 1.9 m

Life expectancy

30 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Irregular activity

Active at irregular times, by day or night depending on circumstances.

Social structure

Colony

Lives in large concentrations, often for breeding reasons.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

OceanPolar
5countries17parks4dive sites14same family

Fun facts

  • The pups are born with a woolly white coat that they lose at three or four weeks; that pelt was the target of the commercial hunt that provoked one of the largest conservation campaigns of the twentieth century.
  • Suckling lasts barely twelve days, but the milk is more than 40% fat and the pup triples its weight before the mother leaves it on the ice.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Pack ice and cold waters of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean
Birth weight
~11 kg
Size at birth
About 85 cm; born with the characteristic white coat
Sexual maturity
4.5 years
Gestation / incubation
7.5 months
Litter / clutch size
1.25 (average)

Sources consulted: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagophilus_groenlandicus

Where to find it

Best time: From February to March in the Gulf of St Lawrence and the White Sea, when the females pup on the ice and the white-coated young number in their thousands.

Loading map…

The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 14 of 21.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Harp Seal — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about harp seal.

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano
See its range on the interactive map→
VatnajokullIceland
Gros MorneCanada
AuyuittuqCanada
Wrangel IslandRussia
Cape Breton HighlandsCanada
Sable IslandCanada
AnticostiCanada
Mingan ArchipelagoCanada
ForillonCanada
QuttinirpaaqCanada
Svalbard (ice diving)Norway
Bay of FundyCanada
Saguenay Fjord (belugas)Canada
Bell Island WrecksCanada
See all 17 parks
Grey SealLeast Concern

Grey Seal

Halichoerus grypus

Bearded SealLeast Concern

Bearded Seal

Erignathus barbatus

Harbor SealLeast Concern

Harbor Seal

Phoca vitulina

Ringed SealLeast Concern

Ringed Seal

Pusa hispida

Vulnerable

Hooded Seal

Cystophora cristata

Least Concern

Spotted Seal

Phoca largha

CountriesCanada
ParksVatnajokullIceland
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Variable activity
Colonial
Ocean
Polar
Mammal
Canada
Norway
Iceland
Russia
Greenland