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  3. Northern Bobwhite

One of the 4 quail on WAnimals

Birds · Galliformes · Odontophoridae

Northern Bobwhite

Colinus virginianus

Near Threatened

It could become threatened in the near future if current threats go unchecked.

Spotted something wrong?

The northern bobwhite is a bird of the family Odontophoridae. This chunky bird measures roughly 23 cm long and has a short tail; the female is smaller. The species varies from region to region; in Mexico five basic types have been identified, all conspecific and able to interbreed. The females are similar to one another, with pale brown supercilia and throat. This quail lives in the central and eastern United States, and also in Cuba, Mexico and Guatemala. The species has been introduced to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Santa Cruz Island, and to the islands of Andros and New Providence in the Bahamas. In Mexico it is distributed across the east of the country along the Gulf plain, from the Rio Grande to Tabasco. On the Pacific coast it occurs in Sonora and from Nayarit and Jalisco onwards through the Sierra Madre del Sur and as far as the state of Chiapas. On the Iberian Peninsula it has been introduced for shooting, causing conflicts with other species and with consequences that can be serious. It prefers savanna, grassland and farmland. The IUCN 2019-1 assessment classes the species as Near Threatened. It has a white meat much prized by shooters.

Weight

130 g – 250 g

Size

24 cm – 28 cm

Life expectancy

6 years

Diet

Herbivore

Feeds mainly on plants.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Family group

Lives in small family groups with close bonds.

Sighting difficulty

Moderate

Temperate forestGrassland
4countries13parks1same family

Fun facts

  • It sleeps in a circle: the covey packs into a ring with tails inwards and heads outwards, conserving heat and keeping a 360-degree watch, and if something startles them they explode outwards in all directions at once.
  • Its decline is one of the most severe in North American birdlife: more than 80% since 1966, mainly through the disappearance of mosaics of scrub, fallow and field margin from the farmed landscape.
  • Its two-syllable call, a whistled, rising bob-white, gives it its English name and is one of the classic sounds of the countryside in the south-eastern United States.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Open pine woods, hedged farmland, fallow land and low scrub of eastern North America
Birth weight
Precocial: born covered in down and leaves the nest within a few hours
Size at birth
Precocial: born covered in down and leaves the nest within a few hours
Sexual maturity
12 months
Gestation / incubation
23 days
Litter / clutch size
15

Sources consulted: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colinus_virginianus

Where to find it

Best time: All year round in the eastern United States and Mexico, by day; in spring the male repeats his whistled call from posts and fences.

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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 13.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Northern Bobwhite — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about northern bobwhite.

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See full glossary
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See its range on the interactive map→
EvergladesUnited States
Great Smoky MountainsUnited States
Big BendUnited States
Mammoth CaveUnited States
Sierra GordaMexico
CongareeUnited States
BadlandsUnited States
Wind CaveUnited States
Guadalupe MountainsUnited States
ShenandoahUnited States
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California QuailLeast Concern

California Quail

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Canada GooseLeast Concern

Canada Goose

Branta canadensis

CountriesUnited States
ParksEvergladesUnited States
TagsHerbivore
Herbivore
Diurnal
Family group
Near Threatened
Bird
Temperate forest
Grassland
United States
Mexico
Cuba
Guatemala