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  3. Swordfish
Swordfish (Xiphias gladius)

Bony fish · Istiophoriformes · Xiphiidae

Swordfish

Xiphias gladius

Near Threatened

It could become threatened in the near future if current threats go unchecked.

Spotted something wrong?

It is the only member of its family and carries the longest bill of any billfish; unlike other large pelagic fish, it loses its teeth and scales entirely on reaching adulthood.

Weight

up to 650 kg

Size

up to 4.6 m

Life expectancy

9 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Moderate

Ocean
87countries89parks7dive sites

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It strikes at its prey with its distinctive sword-shaped bill, feeding on pelagic fish, squid and other cephalopods.
  • It lives in tropical and temperate ocean waters worldwide, from the surface down to 550 m.
  • A large female can release up to 29 million eggs in a season.
  • fisiologíaIt can warm its eyes and brain above the temperature of the surrounding water through a specialised heating organ, sharpening its vision in cold, deep water.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - bony skeleton (fish); loses all its scales and teeth in adulthood
Habitat and environment
Tropical and temperate ocean waters worldwide, from the surface down to 550 m
Birth weight
A pelagic egg of 1.6-1.8 mm; a 4 mm larva at hatching
Size at birth
4 mm long at hatching
Sexual maturity
4-6 years (males before females)
Gestation / incubation
2-3 days of egg development after external fertilisation
Litter / clutch size
1 to 29 million eggs per female, depending on her size

Sources consulted: MarineBio; Deep Sea Hunter Wiki; fishIDER; American Oceans; Animal Kingdom; FishBase; ScienceDirect (reproductive traits study); Aussie Animals

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 17 of 96.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Swordfish — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about swordfish.

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
KomodoIndonesia
Galápagos National ParkEcuador
CalanquesFrance
Cinque TerreItaly
Alonissos and the Northern SporadesGreece
AcadiaUnited States
Gros MorneCanada
FundyCanada
Revillagigedo ArchipelagoMexico
Cocos IslandCosta Rica
El Hierro / La RestingaSpain
Scandola Reserve (Corsica)France
Cape Verde (Sal Island)Cabo Verde
Azores (Princess Alice Bank)Portugal
Alboran IslandSpain
Cabo de PalosSpain
Ascension IslandUnited Kingdom
See all 89 parks
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CountriesCanada
ParksKomodoIndonesia
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Nocturnal
Solitary
Near Threatened
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