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  3. Water Buffalo

One of the 2 buffaloes on WAnimals

Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Mammals · Artiodactyla · Bovidae

Water Buffalo

Bubalus bubalis

Not Evaluated

It has not yet been assessed against the IUCN criteria.

Spotted something wrong?

Its fetlock joint is extremely flexible, an unusual adaptation that lets it move easily through the deep mud of rivers and swamps.

Weight

725 kg on average

Size

2.4 m – 3 m

Life expectancy

25 years

Diet

Herbivore

Feeds mainly on plants.

Activity

Irregular activity

Active at irregular times, by day or night depending on circumstances.

Social structure

Herd

Lives in large groups as a strategy against predators.

Sighting difficulty

Unknown

FreshwaterGrassland
11countries17parks86same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • Its scimitar-shaped horns span up to 120 cm, among the largest of any bovid.
  • It eats aquatic and terrestrial grasses, leaves and wetland vegetation.
  • It probably descends from the wild Asian water buffalo, and its milk is higher in fat and protein than a dairy cow's.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Wetlands, swamps and floodplains of the Indian subcontinent and South-East Asia
Birth weight
35-40 kg
Size at birth
Already fawn-brown at birth, darkening gradually by 6 months
Sexual maturity
Male: 1.5-3 years | Female: 3 years
Gestation / incubation
300-330 days (10-11 months)
Litter / clutch size
1 young, with an interval between births of 2 years
Life expectancy in captivity
Documented record of up to 29-34.9 years in captivity

Sources consulted: Animal Diversity Web; Animal Kingdom Wiki; Ultimate Ungulate; Animalia.bio; AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); A-Z Animals; PMC (breeding management study)

Where to find it

Best time: All year round in southern and South-East Asia, tied to rice paddies and wetlands; it spends the middle of the day submerged in mud.

Loading map…

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 17.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Water Buffalo — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about water buffalo.

Comments

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano
See its range on the interactive map→
Chitwan National ParkNepal
IchkeulTunisia
KazirangaIndia
SundarbansIndia
YalaSri Lanka
Khao YaiThailand
BardiyaNepal
Neusiedler See-SeewinkelAustria
ManasIndia
WilpattuSri Lanka
See all 17 parks
BantengEndangered

Banteng

Bos javanicus

Vulnerable

Four-horned Antelope

Tetracerus quadricornis

NilgaiLeast Concern

Nilgai

Boselaphus tragocamelus

GaurVulnerable

Gaur

Bos gaurus

Near Threatened

Himalayan Goral

Naemorhedus goral

Near Threatened

Saiga

Saiga tatarica

CountriesIndia
ParksChitwan National ParkNepal
TagsHerbivore
Herbivore
Variable activity
In herds
Endangered
Freshwater
Grassland
Mammal
India
Sri Lanka
Myanmar
Nepal
Bangladesh
Thailand
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
India
Iraq
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Thailand