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  3. Dark-eyed Junco

One of the 3 juncos on WAnimals

Birds · Passeriformes · Emberizidae

Dark-eyed Junco

Junco hyemalis

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The dark-eyed junco is one of the most abundant birds in North America and one of the commonest at winter feeders in the United States and Canada. It is slate grey with a white belly and very visible white outer tail feathers in flight. It shows extraordinary geographical variation, with forms so different that for decades they were treated as separate species.

Weight

18 g – 30 g

Size

13 cm – 17 cm

Life expectancy

11 years

Diet

Omnivore

Combines animal and plant food depending on availability.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

In pairs

Usually lives in pairs, sometimes for life.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

Temperate forestMountainTundra
3countries70parks5same family

Fun facts

  • Its geographical forms are so different that until 1973 they were classified as five or six separate species, and numerous subspecies with very different plumages are still recognised today.
  • There are estimated to be more than six hundred million individuals, which places it among the most abundant land birds in North America.
  • The population that colonised the campus of the University of California, San Diego in the 1980s has developed measurable changes in behaviour and morphology within a few decades, and is a case study in rapid urban evolution.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Conifer and mixed woodland for breeding; gardens, hedgerows and farmland across North America for wintering
Birth weight
Altricial: born blind, naked or with sparse down and entirely dependent
Size at birth
Altricial: born blind, naked or with sparse down and entirely dependent
Sexual maturity
12 months
Gestation / incubation
11 days
Litter / clutch size
4

Sources consulted: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junco_hyemalis

Where to find it

Best time: From October to April across much of the United States, when it comes down from the boreal and mountain forests and visits feeders in flocks.

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 70.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Dark-eyed Junco — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
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Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about dark-eyed junco.

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See full glossary
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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Yellowstone National ParkUnited States
YosemiteUnited States
GlacierUnited States
Great Smoky MountainsUnited States
RedwoodUnited States
DenaliUnited States
AcadiaUnited States
OlympicUnited States
Glacier BayUnited States
Wrangell-St. EliasUnited States
See all 70 parks
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Mourning Dove

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Sandhill CraneLeast Concern

Sandhill Crane

Antigone canadensis

CountriesUnited States
ParksYellowstone National ParkUnited States
TagsHerbivore
Herbivore
Omnivore
Diurnal
In pairs
Bird
Temperate forest
Mountain
Tundra
United States
Canada
Mexico