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Oilbird (Steatornis caripensis)

Birds · Steatornithiformes · Steatornithidae

Oilbird

Steatornis caripensis

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The oilbird is a nocturnal bird unique in the world: it is the only fruit-eating bird that flies by night and the only one that nests in colonies deep inside caves, in complete darkness. It navigates by echolocation, like bats, though with clicks audible to the human ear. It emerges at dusk to look for the fruit of palms and laurels, which it locates by smell and swallows whole, and it can cover more than a hundred kilometres in a night.

Weight

350 g – 475 g

Size

40 cm – 49 cm

Life expectancy

25 years

Diet

Herbivore

Feeds mainly on plants.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Colony

Lives in large concentrations, often for breeding reasons.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

RainforestMountain
8countries6parks

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • sentidosIt is one of the few birds known to echolocate in pitch-dark caves, using clicks audible to the human ear, much as bats do.
  • It is one of the very few birds in the world that echolocates: it gives series of clicks audible to people and uses them to navigate inside caves in total darkness.
  • The chicks put on so much fat that they come to weigh twice as much as an adult, and for centuries they were harvested in Venezuela and boiled down for cooking oil, a practice that gave the Cueva del Guácharo its name.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Deep caves for nesting; it feeds in the rainforests and montane forests of South America and Trinidad
Sexual maturity
2 years
Gestation / incubation
33 days of incubation
Litter / clutch size
3 eggs

Sources consulted: https://www.iucnredlist.org/ | https://animaldiversity.org/ | https://es.wikipedia.org/

Where to find it

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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Oilbird — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano
See its range on the interactive map→
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Where to see Oilbird6 places
CountriesPeru
ParksCutervoPeru
TagsHerbivore
Herbivore
Nocturnal
Colonial
Bird
Rainforest
Mountain
Peru
Bolivia
Venezuela
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Panama
Trinidad and Tobago