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  3. Sturgeon

One of the 3 sturgeons on WAnimals

Sturgeon (Acipenser sturio)

Bony fish · Acipenseriformes · Acipenseridae

Sturgeon

Acipenser sturio

Critically Endangered

At extremely high risk of imminent extinction in the wild.

Spotted something wrong?

It has been reduced to a single naturally breeding population in the Gironde-Garonne-Dordogne basin in France, every other European population having died out.

Weight

up to 400 kg

Size

up to 6 m

Life expectancy

50 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

OceanFreshwater
42countries13parks2same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It eats molluscs, polychaetes, shrimp and small fish from the sea and river bed.
  • The last confirmed natural spawning outside that basin was recorded in 1994.
  • It migrates between the sea and Europe's rivers to spawn, and has bony external plates instead of scales.
  • conservaciónIt can live more than 60 years and runs upriver to spawn, though it is now among the most threatened fish in Europe.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - mainly cartilaginous skeleton with external bony plates (fish)
Habitat and environment
Rivers and estuaries of Europe, with a marine phase in the north-east Atlantic; migrates upriver to spawn
Birth weight
Egg 2.6-3 mm across
Sexual maturity
Male: 8-15 years | Female: 13-20 years
Gestation / incubation
~1 week of egg development at 17 °C
Litter / clutch size
It rises with the female's age and size (no precise figure found)

Sources consulted: IGB Berlin · Pond Life · NOAA Fisheries · FishBase · Animalia.bio · AnAge (genomics.senescence.info) · A-Z Animals (Sturgeon)

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 13.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Sturgeon — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park

How to help

The sturgeon is classified as critically endangered. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 6 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about sturgeon.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the sturgeon.
See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Doñana National ParkSpain
Danube DeltaRomania
Wadden SeaGermany
CamargueFrance
Ria FormosaPortugal
Munții MăcinuluiRomania
Porțile de FierRomania
ĐerdapSerbia
Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa VicentinaPortugal
Wadden Sea (Lower Saxony)Germany
See all 13 parks
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AngelsharkCritically Endangered

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European EelCritically Endangered

European Eel

Anguilla anguilla

Critically Endangered

Tope

Galeorhinus galeus

Critically Endangered

Allis Shad

Alosa alosa

Common GuitarfishCritically Endangered

Common Guitarfish

Rhinobatos rhinobatos

CountriesGermany
ParksDoñana National ParkSpain
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Nocturnal
Solitary
Critically Endangered
Fish
Ocean
Freshwater

Europe38

Asia3

Africa1

Germany
Romania
Netherlands
Portugal
France
Serbia
Albania
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Georgia
Russia
Türkiye
Morocco