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  3. Angelshark
Angelshark (Squatina squatina)

Cartilaginous fish · Squatiniformes · Squatinidae

Angelshark

Squatina squatina

Critically Endangered

At extremely high risk of imminent extinction in the wild.

Spotted something wrong?

The angelshark is a flattened, ray-like shark that buries itself in the sand and hunts from ambush. It was once common throughout the Mediterranean and the European Atlantic and has now disappeared from most of its range through bottom trawling. Its last great refuge is the Canary Islands, which have become the world stronghold of the species.

Weight

25 kg – 80 kg

Size

1.2 m – 2.4 m

Life expectancy

35 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Ocean
33countries31parks3dive sites

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • The Canaries are its last great refuge in the world: the species has disappeared from most of the Mediterranean and the European Atlantic, and the shallow waters of the archipelago now hold the most important population left, which has made Spain directly responsible for its future.
  • It is a shark that looks like a ray: a flattened body, broad pectoral fins and eyes on top, a case of convergence with the batoids that makes it unrecognisable as a shark.
  • It hunts from ambush buried in the sand with only its eyes showing, and throws its head up and forward to engulf prey by suction in a tenth of a second.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - cartilaginous skeleton (fish)
Habitat and environment
Coastal sandy and muddy bottoms of the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, down to 150 metres
Sexual maturity
12 years
Gestation / incubation
10 months of gestation
Litter / clutch size
12 live young

Sources consulted: IUCN Red List · Animal Diversity Web · Wikipedia (es)

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 13 of 34.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Angelshark — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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How to help

The angelshark is classified as critically endangered. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 10 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about angelshark.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the angelshark.
See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
TeideSpain
CalanquesFrance
Cinque TerreItaly
Alonissos and the Northern SporadesGreece
IchkeulTunisia
Banc d'ArguinMauritania
Majjistral ParkMalta
TimanfayaSpain
Port-CrosFrance
Cabrera ArchipelagoSpain
El Hierro / La RestingaSpain
Museo Atlántico (Lanzarote)Spain
Isla de LobosUruguay
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CountriesSpain
ParksTeideSpain
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Nocturnal
Solitary
Critically Endangered
Fish
Ocean

Europe23

Africa6

Asia4

Spain
Italy
Croatia
France
Greece
Portugal
Albania
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany
Gibraltar
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Malta
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Tunisia
Israel
Lebanon
Syria
Türkiye