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  3. European Eel

One of the 6 eels on WAnimals

European Eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Bony fish · Anguilliformes · Anguillidae

European Eel

Anguilla anguilla

Critically Endangered

At extremely high risk of imminent extinction in the wild.

Spotted something wrong?

It makes one of the most extraordinary breeding migrations in the animal kingdom, travelling thousands of kilometres from Europe's rivers to the Sargasso Sea to spawn and die.

Weight

up to 4 kg

Size

61 cm – 1.5 m

Life expectancy

15 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Very hard

OceanFreshwater
62countries4parks89dive sites1same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It migrates thousands of kilometres from Europe's rivers to the Sargasso Sea to spawn and die.
  • The moment of spawning has never been directly observed in the wild.
  • In captivity, unable to migrate, it can live several decades longer than it otherwise would.
  • reproducciónIt travels thousands of kilometres to the Sargasso Sea to breed once in its life, and then dies.
  • biologíaThe larvae drift thousands of kilometres from the Sargasso Sea to the coasts of Europe on ocean currents before becoming glass eels.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - bony skeleton (fish)
Habitat and environment
Fresh and brackish rivers, lakes and estuaries of Europe and North Africa during its growth phase; it migrates to the Sargasso Sea to breed
Birth weight
A transparent leaf-shaped larva (leptocephalus) after hatching in the Sargasso Sea
Size at birth
A transparent leptocephalus larva, carried to the coasts of Europe by the Gulf Stream
Sexual maturity
Male: 6-12 years | Female: 9-20 years (a highly variable age at maturity)
Gestation / incubation
No gestation as such; development takes place externally at sea after fertilisation (poorly documented in the wild)
Litter / clutch size
2 to 10 million eggs per female (roughly 3 million per kg of body weight)
Life expectancy in captivity
Documented record of 85-88 years in an aquarium specimen, which was kept in captivity and so could never migrate and breed

Sources consulted: Animal Diversity Web; USGS Species Profile; Dimensions.com; AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); ScienceDirect Topics; Fishipedia; TSU Invasives; PMC (spontaneously matured eel study)

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 14 of 93.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with European Eel — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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How to help

The european eel is classified as critically endangered. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 12 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about european eel.

Comments

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Vjosa (Vjosa Valley)Albania
Wadden Sea National ParkDenmark
Wadden SeaGermany
CamargueFrance
Scapa FlowUnited Kingdom
Zenobia WreckCyprus
Medes IslandsSpain
Cap de CreusSpain
El Hierro / La RestingaSpain
Museo Atlántico (Lanzarote)Spain
Zakynthos (loggerhead turtle)Greece
Kastellorizo (Blue Cave)Greece
Malta (Blue Hole Gozo / Um El Faroud)Malta
Tavolara (Sardinia)Italy
See all 89 dive sites
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CountriesSpain
ParksVjosa (Vjosa Valley)Albania
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Nocturnal
Solitary
Critically Endangered
Fish
Ocean
Freshwater

Europe45

Asia9

Africa7

North America1

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Italy
Greece
United Kingdom
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France
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Andorra
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