Skip to content
WAnimals
  • Map
  • Species
  • Parks
  • Diving
Log inCreate account
WAnimals

The guide for travellers and animal lovers: discover, plan and share your wild adventures around the world.

Discover wildlife

  • Species
  • Ecosystems
  • Glossary
  • Tags

Explore places

  • Map
  • Countries
  • Parks
  • Diving

Plan experiences

  • Guides

Learn

  • Blog

Resources

  • Help centre
  • Contact
  • Install the app

Follow us

Account

  • Log in
  • Create account

© 2026 WAnimals. All rights reserved.

About usHow we build our profilesTerms of servicePrivacyLegal notice
MapSpeciesParksDiving
  1. Home
  2. Species
  3. Three-spined Stickleback
Three-spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Bony fish · Gasterosteiformes · Gasterosteidae

Three-spined Stickleback

Gasterosteus aculeatus

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The male builds a nest of water plants bound together with "spiggin", a sticky protein he secretes through his kidneys, and defends the nest and the young fiercely.

Weight

1 kg – 4 kg

Size

3 cm – 11 cm

Life expectancy

2 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

OceanFreshwater
55countries141parks19dive sites

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It is a key model organism in evolutionary genetics.
  • It eats small crustaceans, aquatic insect larvae and occasionally its own eggs and fry.
  • It lives in coastal waters, estuaries, rivers and lakes of temperate circumpolar regions.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (fish)
Habitat and environment
Coastal waters, estuaries, rivers and lakes of temperate circumpolar Europe, Asia and North America
Birth weight
Tiny larva at hatching
Size at birth
Tiny larva at hatching
Sexual maturity
1-2 years
Gestation / incubation
7-8 days at 18-20 °C
Litter / clutch size
Up to 400 eggs per female, laid in a nest built by the male

Sources consulted: ADFG Alaska; PLOS One; FishBase; Animal Diversity Web; Wildlife Trusts; University of Puget Sound; Animalia.bio; Better Planet Education

Where to find it

Best time: From April to July, during the breeding season, when the male shows his red belly and fiercely guards the nest of vegetation he has built.

Loading map…

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 20 of 160.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Three-spined Stickleback — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about three-spined stickleback.

Comments

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the three-spined stickleback.

Be the first to comment.

See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
SarekSweden
PadjelantaSweden
JotunheimenNorway
HardangerviddaNorway
Pallas-YllastunturiFinland
Urho KekkonenFinland
KillarneyIreland
Picos de EuropaSpain
Ordesa y Monte PerdidoSpain
Aiguestortes i Estany de Sant MauriciSpain
Silfra FissureIceland
Scapa FlowUnited Kingdom
Farne IslandsUnited Kingdom
Lofoten (orcas)Norway
SaltstraumenNorway
St AbbsUnited Kingdom
Malin HeadIreland
Strýtan (hydrothermal chimney)Iceland
Rügen (Baltic amber)Germany
Vrouw Maria wreckFinland
See all 141 parks
See all 19 dive sites
Sea LampreyLeast Concern

Sea Lamprey

Petromyzon marinus

SalmonLeast Concern

Salmon

Salmo salar

PikeLeast Concern

Pike

Esox lucius

European HakeLeast Concern

European Hake

Merluccius merluccius

AnglerLeast Concern

Angler

Lophius piscatorius

Greater PipefishLeast Concern

Greater Pipefish

Syngnathus acus

CountriesSpain
ParksSarekSweden
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Diurnal
Solitary
Fish
Ocean
Freshwater

Europe41

Asia9

North America3

Africa2

Spain
Norway
Finland
United Kingdom
Germany
Poland
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Kosovo
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Moldova
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Armenia
Azerbaijan
China
Georgia
Japan
North Korea
Russia
South Korea
Türkiye
Canada
Greenland
United States
Algeria
Morocco