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  3. Bowhead Whale

One of the 7 whales on WAnimals

Mammals · Artiodactyla · Balaenidae

Bowhead Whale

Balaena mysticetus

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

It is the longest-lived mammal known, with at least four documented individuals over 100 years old and one male estimated at 211 years by aspartic acid racemisation in the lens of the eye.

Weight

54 t – 100 t

Size

14 m – 20 m

Life expectancy

65 years

Diet

Omnivore

Combines animal and plant food depending on availability.

Activity

Irregular activity

Active at irregular times, by day or night depending on circumstances.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

Estimated population

Around 25,000 animals, most of them in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas population, and recovering.

OceanPolar
9countries15parks1dive sites3same family

Fun facts

  • longevidadIt can live more than 100 years, and some individuals examined still carried harpoon points more than a century old in their bodies.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (marine mammal)
Habitat and environment
Arctic and subarctic waters with seasonal ice cover, almost entirely between 60° and 75° north
Birth weight
500 kg; 4-4.5 m long at birth
Size at birth
4 - 4.5 m long at birth
Sexual maturity
20-25.8 years by current estimates
Gestation / incubation
~13-14 months
Litter / clutch size
1 young, with an interval between births of 3-6 years

Sources consulted: MarineBio; Journal of Zoology (Nerini life history study); AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); Animal Diversity Web; A-Z Animals; PMC (baleen hormone cycles study); NOAA Fisheries; PMC (genome longevity study); SpiderZoon

Where to find it

Best time: From April to June in the Arctic, during the migration through the leads in the ice.

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The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 11 of 16.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Bowhead Whale — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about bowhead whale.

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See full glossary
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See its range on the interactive map→
AuyuittuqCanada
IvvavikCanada
Gates of the ArcticUnited States
Kobuk ValleyUnited States
Wrangel IslandRussia
Torngat MountainsCanada
Putorana PlateauRussia
AulavikCanada
QuttinirpaaqCanada
SirmilikCanada
Svalbard (ice diving)Norway
See all 15 parks
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Megaptera novaeangliae

Minke WhaleLeast Concern

Minke Whale

Balaenoptera acutorostrata

Least Concern

Harp Seal

Pagophilus groenlandicus

Ringed SealLeast Concern

Ringed Seal

Pusa hispida

Bearded SealLeast Concern

Bearded Seal

Erignathus barbatus

Polar BearVulnerable

Polar Bear

Ursus maritimus

CountriesCanada
ParksAuyuittuqCanada
TagsOmnivore
Omnivore
Variable activity
Solitary
Ocean
Polar
Mammal

Europe5

North America3

Asia1

Canada
Norway
Russia
United States
Denmark
Finland
Denmark
Finland
Iceland
Norway
Sweden
Canada
Greenland
United States
Russia