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  3. Brown Pelican

One of the 8 pelicans on WAnimals

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Birds · Pelecaniformes · Pelecanidae

Brown Pelican

Pelecanus occidentalis

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

It is the only pelican that plunge-dives to fish, dropping from heights of up to 18 metres.

Weight

2.7 kg – 5.5 kg

Size

1 m – 1.4 m

Life expectancy

15 years

Diet

Piscivore

Feeds mainly on fish.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Colony

Lives in large concentrations, often for breeding reasons.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

Ocean
37countries14parks7same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It came close to extinction in the mid-twentieth century when the pesticide DDT thinned its eggshells, and recovered once it was banned.
  • It feeds on small fish caught by plunge-diving from the air.
  • It lives on the coasts, bays and estuaries of the American Pacific and Atlantic.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - pneumatised bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Coasts, bays and estuaries of the American Pacific and Atlantic, from Canada to Peru and Brazil
Birth weight
~63.5 grams at hatching
Size at birth
Featherless at hatching and completely dependent
Sexual maturity
2.5-4 years
Gestation / incubation
28-32 days
Litter / clutch size
1 to 3 eggs per clutch (most commonly 2-3)

Sources consulted: SeaWorld/Busch Gardens; AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); Animal Diversity Web; NPS (California Brown Pelican); About Animals; Audubon Field Guide; Animalia.bio; FWC; NHPBS NatureWorks; Texas Parks & Wildlife

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 14.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Brown Pelican — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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Related guides

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Based on what we already know about brown pelican.

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See full glossary
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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
RedwoodUnited States
Channel IslandsUnited States
El VizcainoMexico
Bacalar ChicoBelize
Los HaitisesDominican Republic
Virgin Islands (St John)U.S. Virgin Islands
Exuma Cays Land and Sea ParkBahamas
TayronaColombia
Los RoquesVenezuela
BiscayneUnited States
See all 14 parks
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Fregata magnificens

Scarlet IbisLeast Concern

Scarlet Ibis

Eudocimus ruber

OspreyLeast Concern

Osprey

Pandion haliaetus

Least Concern

Double-crested Cormorant

Phalacrocorax auritus

Roseate SpoonbillLeast Concern

Roseate Spoonbill

Platalea ajaja

Royal TernLeast Concern

Royal Tern

Thalasseus maximus

Where to see Brown Pelican14 places
CountriesUnited States
ParksRedwoodUnited States
TagsPiscivore
Piscivore
Diurnal
Colonial
Bird
Ocean

North America33

South America4

United States
Colombia
Venezuela
Bahamas
Belize
Costa Rica
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Costa Rica
Cuba
Curaçao
Dominica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Martinique
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands
United States
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Venezuela