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  3. Royal Tern

One of the 6 terns on WAnimals

Royal Tern (Thalasseus maximus)

Birds · Charadriiformes · Laridae

Royal Tern

Thalasseus maximus

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The royal tern is a large tern with an intensely orange bill and a black cap that in winter is reduced to a band across the nape. It breeds in extremely dense colonies on barrier islands and sandbanks along the American and West African coasts. Its chicks form crèches: as soon as they can walk they gather in flocks of hundreds, which the adults locate by voice amid the deafening noise of the colony.

Weight

320 g – 500 g

Size

45 cm – 50 cm

Life expectancy

30 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Colony

Lives in large concentrations, often for breeding reasons.

OceanIslands
13countries17parks19same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • Its chicks form crèches of hundreds of birds, and each adult finds its own in the crowd by recognising its voice: the identification is so precise that a parent can feed its chick among a thousand without error.
  • It breeds in extremely tight colonies where the nests are less than thirty centimetres apart, a density that reduces predator success by swamping them.
  • Its intensely orange bill distinguishes it from the lesser crested tern, which is smaller with a paler orange bill and shares many of its African colonies.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Coasts, barrier islands, estuaries and coastal lagoons of the Americas and West Africa
Sexual maturity
3 years
Gestation / incubation
28 days
Litter / clutch size
2

Sources consulted: Wikipedia (es): Thalasseus maximus

Where to find it

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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 17.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Royal Tern — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about royal tern.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the royal tern.
See full glossary
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See its range on the interactive map→
EvergladesUnited States
Sian Ka'anMexico
Ciénaga de ZapataCuba
Lencois MaranhensesBrazil
TayronaColombia
Los RoquesVenezuela
Banc d'ArguinMauritania
BiscayneUnited States
Dry TortugasUnited States
GuanahacabibesCuba
See all 17 parks
Least Concern

Great Black-backed Gull

Larus marinus

Least Concern

Sandwich Tern

Thalasseus sandvicensis

Brown NoddyLeast Concern

Brown Noddy

Anous stolidus

Little TernLeast Concern

Little Tern

Sternula albifrons

Sooty TernLeast Concern

Sooty Tern

Onychoprion fuscatus

Common TernLeast Concern

Common Tern

Sterna hirundo

CountriesUnited States
ParksEvergladesUnited States
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Diurnal
Colonial
Bird
Ocean
Islands

South America6

Africa4

North America3

United States
Colombia
Cuba
Mauritania
Mexico
Venezuela
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Gambia
Guinea
Mauritania
Senegal
Cuba
Mexico
United States