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  3. Gilthead
Gilthead (Sparus aurata)

Bony fish · Perciformes · Sparidae

Gilthead

Sparus aurata

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

It is a protandrous hermaphrodite: every fish is born functionally male and switches to female between the ages of two and three.

Weight

up to 9.5 kg

Size

35 cm – 65 cm

Life expectancy

11 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Irregular activity

Active at irregular times, by day or night depending on circumstances.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

OceanFreshwater
29countries37parks79dive sites5same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It has molar-like teeth specialised for crushing the shells of bivalves and crustaceans.
  • It is one of the most important species in Mediterranean aquaculture.
  • It lives in coastal waters, lagoons and estuaries of the Mediterranean and the eastern Atlantic.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (fish)
Habitat and environment
Coastal waters, lagoons and estuaries of the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic, from the United Kingdom to Cape Verde
Birth weight
Pelagic larva after hatching from the egg
Size at birth
Pelagic larva at hatching
Sexual maturity
~2-3 years
Litter / clutch size
Up to 0.5-2 times its own body weight in eggs each season

Sources consulted: ResearchGate · Cambridge Core · World Species · IUCN GISD · PMC

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 20 of 116.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Gilthead — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park

Related guides

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about gilthead.

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This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
CalanquesFrance
Cinque TerreItaly
Alonissos and the Northern SporadesGreece
IchkeulTunisia
Majjistral ParkMalta
Port-CrosFrance
Pembrokeshire CoastUnited Kingdom
NorthumberlandUnited Kingdom
Cabrera ArchipelagoSpain
Ebro DeltaSpain
Scapa FlowUnited Kingdom
Zenobia WreckCyprus
Medes IslandsSpain
Cap de CreusSpain
El Hierro / La RestingaSpain
Museo Atlántico (Lanzarote)Spain
Zakynthos (loggerhead turtle)Greece
Kastellorizo (Blue Cave)Greece
Malta (Blue Hole Gozo / Um El Faroud)Malta
Tavolara (Sardinia)Italy
See all 37 parks
See all 79 dive sites
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Vulnerable

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Saupe

Sarpa salpa

Harbor PorpoiseLeast Concern

Harbor Porpoise

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Sea Lamprey

Petromyzon marinus

Where to dive with Gilthead4 places
CountriesItaly
ParksCalanquesFrance
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Variable activity
Solitary
Fish
Ocean
Freshwater

Europe18

Asia6

Africa5

Italy
Spain
Greece
United Kingdom
Croatia
Portugal
Albania
Bulgaria
Croatia
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Greece
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Italy
Malta
Monaco
Montenegro
Portugal
Romania
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Spain
Ukraine
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