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  3. Great Hammerhead

One of the 26 sharks on WAnimals

Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran)

Cartilaginous fish · Carcharhiniformes · Sphyrnidae

Great Hammerhead

Sphyrna mokarran

Critically Endangered

At extremely high risk of imminent extinction in the wild.

Spotted something wrong?

It is immune to the venom of stingrays, its favourite prey, which it pins against the sea floor with its distinctive hammer-shaped head.

Weight

200 kg – 500 kg

Size

5.5 m – 6.2 m

Life expectancy

20 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Very hard

Ocean
44countries19parks9dive sites1same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It is the largest of all the hammerhead sharks, reaching up to 6.2 metres long.
  • To save energy on long journeys it uses "rolled swimming", travelling almost permanently tilted onto its side.
  • It feeds mainly on rays and mantas, as well as bony fish, cephalopods and crustaceans.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - cartilaginous skeleton (fish)
Habitat and environment
Tropical and subtropical coastal waters worldwide, from the shallows down to 300 m
Birth weight
50-70 cm long at birth
Size at birth
50-70 cm long at birth and wholly independent
Sexual maturity
Male: ~8 years (2.25-2.7 m) | Female: ~8 years (2.28-3 m)
Gestation / incubation
11 months, the embryo nourished through a yolk-sac placenta
Litter / clutch size
6 to 42 young per litter (20-40 most often), breeding every 2 years

Sources consulted: Report Card Fish.gov.au; SPAW-RAC; Animal Diversity Web; Shark Guardian; Florida Museum (age growth study); About Animals; Mokarran.org; Wikipedia (Great hammerhead); PMC (nursery resource use study)

Where to find it

Loading map…

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 19 of 28.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Great Hammerhead — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park

How to help

The great hammerhead is classified as critically endangered. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 14 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about great hammerhead.

Comments

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the great hammerhead.

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See full glossary
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The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
EvergladesUnited States
Sian Ka'anMexico
Revillagigedo ArchipelagoMexico
Exuma Cays Land and Sea ParkBahamas
TayronaColombia
Great Barrier ReefAustralia
NingalooAustralia
CahuitaCosta Rica
Bazaruto ArchipelagoMozambique
BiscayneUnited States
Tiger BeachBahamas
Revillagigedo Islands (Socorro)Mexico
Ningaloo ReefAustralia
Nassau (shark diving)Bahamas
Andros Barrier ReefBahamas
Jupiter (shark drift diving)United States
Rangiroa (Tiputa Pass)French Polynesia
Fakarava (Shark Wall)French Polynesia
Bimini (great hammerhead)Bahamas
See all 19 parks
Scalloped HammerheadCritically Endangered

Scalloped Hammerhead

Sphyrna lewini

Oceanic Whitetip SharkCritically Endangered

Oceanic Whitetip Shark

Carcharhinus longimanus

Critically Endangered

Smalltooth Sawfish

Pristis pectinata

Hawksbill TurtleCritically Endangered

Hawksbill Turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

GrayfishVulnerable

Grayfish

Alopias vulpinus

Bull SharkNear Threatened

Bull Shark

Carcharhinus leucas

CountriesMexico
ParksEvergladesUnited States
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Diurnal
Solitary
Critically Endangered
Fish
Ocean

Oceania20

Asia12

North America9

South America2

Africa1

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