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  3. Scalloped Hammerhead

One of the 26 sharks on WAnimals

Scalloped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini)

Cartilaginous fish · Carcharhiniformes · Sphyrnidae

Scalloped Hammerhead

Sphyrna lewini

Critically Endangered

At extremely high risk of imminent extinction in the wild.

Spotted something wrong?

It is famous for gathering in large schools of hundreds around seamounts, a social behaviour uncommon in sharks that scientists still do not fully understand.

Weight

100 kg – 152 kg

Size

3.7 m – 4.3 m

Life expectancy

30 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Irregular activity

Active at irregular times, by day or night depending on circumstances.

Social structure

School

Gathers in coordinated schools, typical of fish.

Sighting difficulty

Very hard

Ocean
47countries17parks18dive sites1same family1natural phenomena1featured routes

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It forms large schools of hundreds around seamounts.
  • While mating, the pair sink slowly through the water.
  • Stingray spines have been found lodged in its own stomach.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - cartilaginous skeleton (chondrichthyan fish)
Habitat and environment
Warm temperate and tropical coastal waters worldwide, over continental and island shelves near deep water
Birth weight
42 - 55 cm long at birth
Size at birth
42 - 55 cm long at birth
Sexual maturity
Male: 6-10 years (~140-165 cm) | Female: 15-17 years (~212 cm)
Gestation / incubation
8-12 months
Litter / clutch size
12 to 41 young per litter

Sources consulted: Shark Research Institute; California State University Long Beach fact sheet; FishBase; Animal Diversity Web; Shark Angels; Springer Environmental Biology of Fishes (reproductive biology study); PubMed (Brazilian coast age growth study)

Where to find it

Best time: From June to October at the seamounts of the tropical eastern Pacific — Cocos, Malpelo, Galápagos — when it forms large schools.

Loading map…

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 20 of 35.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Scalloped Hammerhead — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
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How to help

The scalloped hammerhead is classified as critically endangered. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 15 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about scalloped hammerhead.

Comments

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the scalloped hammerhead.

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See full glossary
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The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Revillagigedo ArchipelagoMexico
Cocos IslandCosta Rica
Fernando de NoronhaBrazil
AldabraSeychelles
Ras MohammedEgypt
Bazaruto ArchipelagoMozambique
BiscayneUnited States
Dry TortugasUnited States
Marino BallenaCosta Rica
iSimangalisoSouth Africa
Elphinstone ReefEgypt
Brothers Islands (El Akhawein)Egypt
Sha'ab Rumi (Cousteau)Sudan
Cocos IslandCosta Rica
Revillagigedo Islands (Socorro)Mexico
Layang Layang AtollMalaysia
Aliwal ShoalSouth Africa
Sodwana BaySouth Africa
Cape Verde (Sal Island)Cabo Verde
Caño IslandCosta Rica
See all 17 parks
See all 18 dive sites
Great HammerheadCritically Endangered

Great Hammerhead

Sphyrna mokarran

Oceanic Whitetip SharkCritically Endangered

Oceanic Whitetip Shark

Carcharhinus longimanus

Great White SharkVulnerable

Great White Shark

Carcharodon carcharias

Endangered

Shortfin Mako

Isurus oxyrinchus

GrayfishVulnerable

Grayfish

Alopias vulpinus

Bull SharkNear Threatened

Bull Shark

Carcharhinus leucas

CountriesMexico
ParksRevillagigedo ArchipelagoMexico
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Variable activity
In schools
Critically Endangered
Fish
Ocean

Africa23

Asia16

North America4

South America4

Mexico
Egypt
Costa Rica
South Africa
Maldives
Sudan
Angola
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Eritrea
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mozambique
Réunion
São Tomé and Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Bangladesh
India
Indonesia
Israel
Jordan
Malaysia
Maldives
Myanmar
Oman
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Bermuda
Costa Rica
Mexico
United States
Brazil
French Guiana
Guyana
Suriname