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  3. Mule Deer

One of the 12 deer on WAnimals

Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus)

Mammals · Artiodactyla · Cervidae

Mule Deer

Odocoileus hemionus

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The mule deer is an artiodactyl mammal of the family Cervidae. It is native to North America, occurring in Canada, the United States and Mexico, as well as in Argentina, where it has been introduced. It owes its name to its long ears, like a mule's. Its closest relative is the white-tailed deer. The two species often share habitats and can be mistaken for one another. The most specific differences between them are the colour of their tails and their antlers. The mule deer's tail is black-tipped. The mule deer's antlers fork as they grow, spreading more towards the front. Each year the mule deer's antlers begin to grow from mid-January to mid-April. Mule deer antlers also tend to grow somewhat larger than those of the white-tailed deer, particularly in cold climates, and the ears are rather more prominent.

Weight

45 kg – 150 kg

Size

1.3 m – 2 m

Life expectancy

12 years

Diet

Herbivore

Feeds mainly on plants.

Activity

Crepuscular

Active mainly at dawn and dusk.

Temperate forestDesertMountainGrassland
3countries27parks23same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • GeneralIt bounds with all four feet at once (stotting) to escape predators.
  • When fleeing it does not gallop: it bounds with all four feet at once, bouncing off the ground as though on springs, a gait called stotting that lets it change direction sharply on broken ground.
  • Some Wyoming herds travel more than 240 kilometres between their winter and summer ranges, the longest land migration documented in a United States ungulate.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Open woodland, sagebrush scrub, canyons and mountain meadows of western North America
Sexual maturity
15.7 months
Gestation / incubation
6.8 months
Litter / clutch size
1.5 (average)

Sources consulted: Wikipedia (es): Odocoileus hemionus

Where to find it

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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 27.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Mule Deer — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about mule deer.

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See full glossary
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See its range on the interactive map→
YosemiteUnited States
Grand CanyonUnited States
ZionUnited States
Big BendUnited States
Crater LakeUnited States
BanffCanada
Sequoia National ParkUnited States
North CascadesUnited States
Great BasinUnited States
Capitol ReefUnited States
See all 27 parks
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CountriesUnited States
ParksYosemiteUnited States
TagsHerbivore
Herbivore
Crepuscular
Temperate forest
Desert
Mountain
Grassland
Mammal
United States
Canada
Mexico