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  3. Four-lined Snake

One of the 10 colubrid snakes on WAnimals

Reptiles · Squamata · Colubridae

Four-lined Snake

Elaphe quatuorlineata

Near Threatened

It could become threatened in the near future if current threats go unchecked.

Spotted something wrong?

The four-lined snake is one of the largest snakes in Europe, with individuals exceeding two and a half metres. It is a harmless constrictor of the Balkans and Italy that hunts rodents, birds and their eggs, and climbs with ease. Its name refers to the four dark lengthwise lines that adults show in some populations.

Size

1.5 m – 2.6 m

Life expectancy

20 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Moderate

Temperate forestMountainGrassland
15countries34parks17same family

Fun facts

  • It is one of the largest snakes in Europe: individuals from southern Italy and Greece can exceed two and a half metres, well beyond any Iberian colubrid.
  • Juveniles have a pattern of crossbars completely different from that of the adults, so much so that for a time they were described as different species.
  • It is an excellent climber and raids birds' nests in trees and on cliffs, which has made it a target of persecution in some rural areas.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (reptile)
Habitat and environment
Open woodland, scrub, riverside groves and rocky ground of the Balkans, Italy and the Black Sea
Sexual maturity
4 years
Gestation / incubation
55 days of incubation
Litter / clutch size
12 eggs

Sources consulted: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaphe_quatuorlineata

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 34.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Four-lined Snake — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about four-lined snake.

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Doñana National ParkSpain
Picos de EuropaSpain
Sierra de las NievesSpain
CévennesFrance
CalanquesFrance
CabañerosSpain
Port-CrosFrance
MonfragueSpain
Tablas de DaimielSpain
Sierra de GuadarramaSpain
See all 34 parks
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Smooth Snake

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Aesculapian SnakeLeast Concern

Aesculapian Snake

Zamenis longissimus

Least Concern

Viperine Snake

Natrix maura

Least Concern

Grass Snake

Natrix natrix

Northern LapwingNear Threatened

Northern Lapwing

Vanellus vanellus

CountriesSpain
ParksDoñana National ParkSpain
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Diurnal
Solitary
Near Threatened
Reptile
Temperate forest
Mountain
Grassland

Europe14

Asia1

Spain
Portugal
France
Albania
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Albania
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
France
Greece
Italy
North Macedonia
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovenia
Spain
Ukraine
Türkiye