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  3. Northern Nutcracker

One of the 2 nutcrackers on WAnimals

Birds · Passeriformes · Corvidae

Northern Nutcracker

Nucifraga caryocatactes

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The northern nutcracker is a brown corvid speckled with white spots, with a white-tipped tail. Its life revolves around storing seeds: in autumn it collects thousands of Swiss stone pine nuts or hazelnuts and buries them in individual caches spread over kilometres of forest, which it then recovers beneath the snow thanks to an extraordinary spatial memory. Those it does not recover germinate, and much of the regeneration of the Alpine Swiss stone pine depends on it.

Weight

130 g – 200 g

Size

32 cm – 35 cm

Life expectancy

15 years

Diet

Omnivore

Combines animal and plant food depending on availability.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

In pairs

Usually lives in pairs, sometimes for life.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

Temperate forestMountainTundra
16countries86parks12same family

Fun facts

  • GeneralIt hides as many as 30,000 pine seeds a year and remembers where most of them are.
  • It buries tens of thousands of seeds every autumn in individual caches and recovers most of them months later, even under a metre of snow, guided by landmarks: it is one of the greatest feats of spatial memory documented in any animal.
  • The Swiss stone pine of the Alps depends on it to reproduce: its seeds do not fly, and without the nutcracker's forgotten caches the stone pine forest would not regenerate.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Mountain coniferous forest and taiga with Swiss pine or hazel in Europe and Asia
Sexual maturity
12 months
Gestation / incubation
18 days of incubation
Litter / clutch size
3 eggs

Sources consulted: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_nutcracker

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 86.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Northern Nutcracker — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about northern nutcracker.

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
SarekSweden
PadjelantaSweden
JotunheimenNorway
HardangerviddaNorway
Pallas-YllastunturiFinland
Urho KekkonenFinland
Swiss National ParkSwitzerland
Gran ParadisoItaly
VanoiseFrance
Hohe TauernAustria
See all 86 parks
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Red-billed Chough

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

CountriesFinland
ParksSarekSweden
TagsOmnivore
Omnivore
Diurnal
In pairs
Bird
Temperate forest
Mountain
Tundra

Europe12

Asia4

Finland
Sweden
Norway
Spain
France
Poland
Austria
Czechia
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Liechtenstein
Norway
Poland
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
China
Japan
Mongolia
Russia