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  3. Polar Bear

One of the 8 bears on WAnimals

Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus)

Mammals · Carnivora · Ursidae

Polar Bear

Ursus maritimus

Vulnerable

At high risk of extinction in the wild over the medium term.

Spotted something wrong?

The largest land carnivore in the world, perfectly adapted to the Arctic cold and dependent on sea ice for hunting seals.

Weight

350 kg – 700 kg

Size

2 m – 2.5 m

Life expectancy

25 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Irregular activity

Active at irregular times, by day or night depending on circumstances.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Moderate

Estimated population

Some 26,000 animals (range 22,000-31,000) spread across 19 subpopulations, close to half of them unassessed

Polar
9countries4parks1dive sites8same family1natural phenomena4featured routes

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • Its skin is black beneath a transparent coat that scatters light to look white.
  • It can smell a seal over a kilometre away.
  • It is an excellent swimmer, able to cover long distances in open water.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Sea ice, coasts and waters of the Arctic Ocean
Birth weight
0.45 - 0.9 kg (1 - 2 lb) at birth, after delayed implantation
Size at birth
Born blind and all but hairless, in a den dug into the snow
Sexual maturity
Female: 4-6 years (first cub usually at 5-6) | Male: physically mature at 4-5, breeding effectively after 6-8
Gestation / incubation
195-265 days in total because of delayed implantation (active embryonic development lasts only 2-3 months)
Litter / clutch size
1 to 4 cubs per litter (most commonly 2)
Life expectancy in captivity
Up to 43.8 years documented in captivity

Sources consulted: MarineBio; AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); A-Z Animals; PBS Nature; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game; Wiig et al. 2015, IUCN Red List e.T22823A14871490 || Wiig et al. 2015, IUCN Red List e.T22823A14871490; San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Library

Where to find it

Best time: October to November

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The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Polar Bear — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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How to help

The polar bear is classified as vulnerable. Organisations such as Polar Bears International work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

Visit the Polar Bears International website

It's documented in 4 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about polar bear.

Comments

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See full glossary
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See its range on the interactive map→
AuyuittuqCanada
IvvavikCanada
Wrangel IslandRussia
Torngat MountainsCanada
Svalbard (ice diving)Norway
WalrusVulnerable

Walrus

Odobenus rosmarus

Vulnerable

Greenland Shark

Somniosus microcephalus

Vulnerable

Hooded Seal

Cystophora cristata

Least Concern

Bowhead Whale

Balaena mysticetus

NarwhalNear Threatened

Narwhal

Monodon monoceros

Beluga WhaleNear Threatened

Beluga Whale

Delphinapterus leucas

CountriesCanada
ParksAuyuittuqCanada
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Variable activity
Solitary
Vulnerable
Polar
Mammal

Europe5

North America3

Asia1

Canada
Norway
Russia
Denmark
Finland
Greenland
Denmark
Finland
Iceland
Norway
Sweden
Canada
Greenland
United States
Russia