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  1. Home
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  3. Candiru

Bony fish · Siluriformes · Trichomycteridae

Candiru

Vandellia cirrhosa

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The candiru, also known as the vampire fish, is a freshwater fish of the order Siluriformes, belonging to the catfish family, that lives in the Amazon River. It is particularly famous and feared for the myth that it lodges itself in the genital or excretory openings of its victims to feed on their blood, something that has never been demonstrated. Individuals of up to 22 cm have been recorded, and it is elongated and transparent, which makes it practically undetectable under water. It is usually found in parts of the river with strong currents, although it can also be found in the lagoons left behind as the water drops in the river channel.

Size

4 cm – 17 cm

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Freshwater
12countries26parks

Fun facts

  • GeneralAn almost transparent parasitic catfish that works its way into the gills of larger fish.
  • It feeds on blood: it enters the gill cavity of larger fish, attaches to an artery and lets the host's own blood pressure pump blood into its mouth, in bouts of between 30 and 145 seconds.
  • The Vandelliinae are one of only two groups of jawed vertebrates that feed exclusively on blood.
  • Its translucent body makes it almost invisible in turbid water.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (bony fish)
Habitat and environment
Turbid rivers of the Amazon basin
Gestation / incubation
There is no published information on the development of this species; all that is known, at the level of catfishes in general, is that the eggs are spherical and externally fertilised

Sources consulted: Wikipedia (es): Vandellia cirrhosa · Lista Roja UICN 3.1 via ficha de especie de Vandellia cirrhosa · Animal Diversity Web, Vandellia cirrhosa · NCBI PMC8008855, importancia medica de los candirus en Brasil · FishBase, Vandellia cirrhosa · Animal Diversity Web · Ficha de especie del genero Vandellia · FishBase

Where to find it

Best time: It lives on the sandy bottom of rivers in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, buried when inactive; it forages by day as well as by night

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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 26.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Candiru — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about candiru.

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See its range on the interactive map→
ManuPeru
TambopataPeru
Cordillera AzulPeru
YasuníEcuador
AmacayacuColombia
MadidiBolivia
Noel Kempff MercadoBolivia
CanaimaVenezuela
KaieteurGuyana
South Suriname Nature ReserveSuriname
See all 26 parks
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Jabiru

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Black Caiman

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Dwarf Caiman

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CountriesPeru
ParksManuPeru
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Fish
Freshwater

South America11

North America1

Peru
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Suriname
Ecuador
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
French Guiana
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Venezuela
Trinidad and Tobago