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  3. Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Asia

133

Documented species

7

Parks and reserves

Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country on the planet and holds the greatest continuous expanse of dry steppe left in the world, a sea of grass that runs for thousands of kilometres and that is one of the most threatened and least known ecosystems in Eurasia. To the north appear birch woods and salt lakes such as Tengiz, where the northernmost flamingo colony on the planet breeds. To the south stretch the Kyzylkum and Betpak-Dala deserts, and to the southeast rise the Tian Shan mountains, covered by wild apple forests from which every cultivated apple variety in the world descends. The Aral Sea, dried out by the diversion of its rivers for cotton, is the symbol of the greatest human-caused environmental disaster on the continent.

Nature in Kazakhstan

National animal: The golden eagle, represented on the national flag; the snow leopard is the country's faunal emblem

Did you know?

In May 2015 the saiga antelope, with its bulbous trunk-like muzzle that filters dust and warms the freezing winter air, suffered one of the fastest mass die-offs ever documented: more than two hundred thousand animals died within a few weeks from a bacterium triggered by a wave of humid heat. Ten years later, and after strict protection, the species has not only recovered but has passed two million animals and has been taken off the critically endangered list.

Biodiversity profile

Conservation

The recovery of the saiga is one of the greatest recent conservation successes in the world, although its growth has generated conflict with agriculture. The northern part of the Aral Sea has partly recovered thanks to a dyke that holds back the water of the Syr Darya.

Where and when to watch wildlife

The Betpak-Dala steppes in spring for the mass calving of the saiga. Korgalzhyn between May and August for flamingos. Altyn-Emel in spring for kulans and gazelles.

Parks and reserves

World Heritage Site (Natural)

Saryarka – Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan

A crossroads of two migratory flyways where fifteen million birds stop over, and a refuge for the saiga.

See park
Strict Nature Reserve (Zapovednik)

Aksu-Zhabagly

The oldest nature reserve in Central Asia, declared in 1926

See park
National Park

Altyn Emel

It holds the Singing Dune, one of the few in the world that gives off an audible sound as the sand slides

See park
National Park

Bayanaul

Kazakhstan's first national park, a granite massif with pine woods and lakes in the Pavlodar steppe.

See park
National Park

Burabay

The "Kazakh Switzerland": granite outcrops and clear-water lakes in the middle of the Akmola steppe.

See park
National Park

Charyn

A red sandstone canyon up to three hundred metres deep, holding a relict Tertiary ash forest.

See park
National Park

Ile-Alatau

Almaty's mountain, in the Tian Shan, birthplace of the domestic apple and snow leopard country.

See park

Similar countries

Where else might I want to travel?

Afghanistan

Same region: Central Asia

Turkmenistan

Same region: Central Asia

Uzbekistan

Same region: Central Asia

Tajikistan

Same region: Central Asia

Species documented in Kazakhstan

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Class
Family
Habitat
Diet
Conservation

133 species found

Related guides

  • Threatened mammals of Kazakhstan9 species

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about Kazakhstan.

ParkSaryarka – Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan

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Gray WolfLeast Concern

Gray Wolf

Canis lupus

PikeLeast Concern

Pike

Esox lucius

SwallowtailLeast Concern

Swallowtail

Papilio machaon

Pallas's CatLeast Concern

Pallas's Cat

Otocolobus manul

ApolloLeast Concern

Apollo

Parnassius apollo

Long-tailed MarmotLeast Concern

Long-tailed Marmot

Marmota caudata

SableLeast Concern

Sable

Martes zibellina

Zebra MusselLeast Concern

Zebra Mussel

Dreissena polymorpha

Glossy IbisLeast Concern

Glossy Ibis

Plegadis falcinellus

Northern House MosquitoLeast Concern

Northern House Mosquito

Culex pipiens

Brown BearLeast Concern

Brown Bear

Ursus arctos

Red-crested PochardLeast Concern

Red-crested Pochard

Netta rufina

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Desert
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Grassland