Asia
Afghanistan is crossed diagonally by the Hindu Kush, a range that separates the basins of Central Asia from those of the Indian Ocean and that shapes its entire climate. To the northeast, the narrow Wakhan corridor runs in between the Pamir and the Karakoram as far as the Chinese border, with high plateaux above four thousand metres where Marco Polo argali and ibex graze and where snow leopards and wolves hunt. In the centre, the Hazarajat highlands hold Band-e-Amir, a chain of six deep blue lakes separated by natural travertine dams that grow of their own accord as the water deposits carbonate. The south and the west are desert, with the Sistan depression and its seasonal wetlands, a historic refuge for migratory birds travelling between Siberia and India.
National animal: The snow leopard, the country's national animal
Despite decades of war, the Wakhan corridor holds one of the best-studied snow leopard populations in the region. The change came when Wakhi and Kyrgyz herders, who used to hunt or poison the cats for attacking their livestock, became rangers and set camera traps through their own valleys; the resulting surveys revealed a density far higher than expected.
Band-e-Amir was declared the country's first national park in 2009. The deforestation of the woods of Nuristan and the drying out of the Sistan wetlands through drought and dams have been the greatest ecological losses of recent decades.
Wakhan in summer for argali and ibex on the high pastures. Band-e-Amir between May and September. The southern wetlands in winter for migratory birds, depending on conditions that year.
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Same region: Central Asia
Same region: Central Asia
Same region: Central Asia
Same region: Central Asia
90 species found
Critically EndangeredBactrian Camel
Camelus bactrianus
Critically EndangeredSiberian Crane
Leucogeranus leucogeranus
EndangeredEgyptian Vulture
Neophron percnopterus
EndangeredAlpine Musk Deer
Moschus chrysogaster
EndangeredRed Panda
Ailurus fulgens
EndangeredEuropean Ground Squirrel
Spermophilus citellus
VulnerableHoubara Bustard
Chlamydotis undulata
VulnerableDorcas Gazelle
Gazella dorcas
VulnerableGoitered Gazelle
Gazella subgutturosa
VulnerableNubian Ibex
Capra nubiana
VulnerableLeopard
Panthera pardus
VulnerableSnow Leopard
Panthera uncia
Based on what we already know about Afghanistan.