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  3. Egyptian Vulture
Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus)

Birds · Accipitriformes · Accipitridae

Egyptian Vulture

Neophron percnopterus

Endangered

At very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future.

Spotted something wrong?

It is one of the few birds in the world that use tools: to break open ostrich eggs, whose shells are too thick for its beak, it throws stones at them again and again.

Weight

1.6 kg – 2.4 kg

Size

55 cm – 65 cm

Life expectancy

20 years

Diet

Omnivore

Combines animal and plant food depending on availability.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Hard

Estimated population

1,490-1,567 pairs in Spain according to the fourth national survey of 2018, the highest figure recorded to date; Spain holds 32-47% of the 3,195-4,832 European pairs. Castile and León accounts for 22.9% of the Spanish total and the Canaries for 74 pairs of the endemic subspecies majorensis

SavannaDesert
82countries11parks43same family2featured routes

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It feeds on carrion, the eggs of other birds (ostrich eggs included), insects and refuse.
  • Its dark juvenile plumage lightens gradually until it reaches the characteristic white of the adult.
  • It lives in open, arid and semi-arid country across southern Europe, the Middle East, India and Africa.
  • inteligenciaIt can use stones as tools, throwing them at large eggs such as an ostrich's to crack the shell and get at the contents.
  • historia naturalSome ancient cultures linked it with divine protection, and in Ancient Egypt it was depicted as a sacred symbol associated with certain goddesses.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - pneumatised bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Open, arid and semi-arid country of southern Europe, the Middle East, India and Africa
Birth weight
Weight at hatching not found as a precise figure
Size at birth
Covered in reddish-white down at hatching
Sexual maturity
4-7 years (an average age at first breeding of 7 documented in Spain)
Gestation / incubation
~40-42 days
Litter / clutch size
1 to 3 eggs per clutch (most commonly 2)
Life expectancy in captivity
Documented record of 37 years in captivity

Sources consulted: AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); Birdfact; Oiseaux.net; Animal Diversity Web; Birds of the World; PMC (survival breeding success study, early life movements study); IUCN Red List / BirdLife International (En peligro a escala global); en España el IV censo nacional de 2018 detectó en cambio un ligero repunte respecto a 2008 || Del Moral y Molina (Eds.) 2018, El alimoche común en España, SEO/BirdLife; BirdLife International 2017 || SEO/BirdLife, ficha del alimoche común y III Atlas de las aves en época de reproducción en España

Where to find it

Best time: From March to August, when it is a summer visitor to the Iberian Peninsula; it leaves Spain for the Sahel in late summer. The Canarian population (the guirre majorero) is resident and can be seen all year round

Loading map…

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 11.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Egyptian Vulture — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

How to help

The egyptian vulture is classified as endangered. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 9 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about egyptian vulture.

Comments

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Picos de EuropaSpain
Ordesa y Monte PerdidoSpain
CévennesFrance
SocotraYemen
CabañerosSpain
Pyrenees National ParkFrance
MonfragueSpain
Sierra de GuadarramaSpain
Verdon GorgeFrance
SomiedoSpain
See all 11 parks
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Short-toed Eagle

Circaetus gallicus

Black KiteLeast Concern

Black Kite

Milvus migrans

Black-winged KiteLeast Concern

Black-winged Kite

Elanus caeruleus

Red KiteLeast Concern

Red Kite

Milvus milvus

Cinereous VultureNear Threatened

Cinereous Vulture

Aegypius monachus

Common BuzzardLeast Concern

Common Buzzard

Buteo buteo

CountriesSpain
ParksPicos de EuropaSpain
TagsOmnivore
Omnivore
Diurnal
Solitary
Endangered
Bird
Savanna
Desert

Africa48

Asia18

Europe16

Spain
France
Portugal
Yemen
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Côte d’Ivoire
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Eswatini
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Republic of the Congo
Rwanda
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
India
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Oman
Pakistan
Palestine
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Türkiye
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Yemen
Albania
Andorra
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
France
Gibraltar
Greece
Italy
Malta
Monaco
Montenegro
North Macedonia
Portugal
San Marino
Spain