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  3. Adder

One of the 12 vipers on WAnimals

Adder (Vipera berus)

Reptiles · Squamata · Viperidae

Adder

Vipera berus

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

It is the only venomous snake native to the United Kingdom and one of the highest-latitude snakes in the world, living inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia.

Weight

50 g – 180 g

Size

50 cm – 90 cm

Life expectancy

15 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

Temperate forestTundra
45countries6parks22same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It is the only venomous snake native to the United Kingdom.
  • It is ovoviviparous, an adaptation that lets it survive in cold climates.
  • Many females do not breed until their eighth season.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (reptile)
Habitat and environment
A wide range of habitats across Europe and northern Asia: heath, woodland, grassland and rocky ground, as far as the Arctic Circle
Birth weight
16-23 cm long at birth (born live, ovoviviparous)
Size at birth
16-23 cm long at birth, its venom already working
Sexual maturity
3-4 years (though many females do not breed until their eighth season)
Gestation / incubation
3-4 months of gestation
Litter / clutch size
3 to 20 young per litter (average 8-10)

Sources consulted: iNaturalist; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (bioinformatics project); PMC (intermittent reproduction study); Animal Diversity Web; A-Z Animals; Wildlife Online; Animalia.bio; PMC (seasonal mortality study)

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Adder — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park

Related guides

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about adder.

Comments

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
RetezatRomania
Hoge Kempen National ParkBelgium
DartmoorUnited Kingdom
New ForestUnited Kingdom
High Veluwe (Hoge Veluwe)Netherlands
Store MosseSweden
Least Concern

Nose-horned Viper

Vipera ammodytes

Asp ViperLeast Concern

Asp Viper

Vipera aspis

Eurasian LynxLeast Concern

Eurasian Lynx

Lynx lynx

Common BuzzardLeast Concern

Common Buzzard

Buteo buteo

Eurasian SparrowhawkLeast Concern

Eurasian Sparrowhawk

Accipiter nisus

Least Concern

Sand Lizard

Lacerta agilis

Where to see Adder6 places
CountriesUnited Kingdom
ParksRetezatRomania
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Diurnal
Solitary
Reptile
Temperate forest
Tundra

Europe40

Asia5

United Kingdom
Belgium
Netherlands
Romania
Sweden
Albania
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kosovo
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Moldova
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Russia
Türkiye