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  3. Nose-horned Viper

One of the 12 vipers on WAnimals

Reptiles · Squamata · Viperidae

Nose-horned Viper

Vipera ammodytes

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The nose-horned viper, sand viper or long-nosed viper is a species of snake of the family Viperidae. It is found in northern Italy, in the Balkans and in places in the Middle East. It is considered the most dangerous of the venomous vipers of Europe, given its size, long fangs and highly toxic venom. Its scientific name comes from the Greek ammos, "sand", and dutes, "digger", which is not the best description for an animal that in fact prefers to live among rocks. Five subspecies are currently recognised.

Weight

220 g on average

Size

50 cm – 95 cm

Life expectancy

22 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Crepuscular

Active mainly at dawn and dusk.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Temperate forestMountainGrassland
14countries50parks22same family

Fun facts

  • It is the most venomous snake in Europe, with a venom considerably more potent than that of the asp viper or Seoane's viper, although its shy nature means serious bites are uncommon.
  • The horn on its snout is soft and flexible, formed of scales over a fleshy base, and its function is still unclear: it appears to be neither defensive nor sensory.
  • Its venom has been used in biomedical research for decades, and compounds isolated from it have contributed to the development of anticoagulant drugs.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (reptile)
Habitat and environment
Sunny stony slopes, scrub and warm rocky outcrops of the Balkans and Asia Minor
Sexual maturity
4 years
Gestation / incubation
4 months of gestation
Litter / clutch size
8 live young

Sources consulted: Wikipedia (es): Vipera ammodytes

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 50.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Nose-horned Viper — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about nose-horned viper.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the nose-horned viper.
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This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Mount OlympusGreece
Alonissos and the Northern SporadesGreece
PlitviceCroatia
DurmitorMontenegro
ValbonaAlbania
RetezatRomania
Sutjeska National ParkBosnia and Herzegovina
Pirin National ParkBulgaria
Tara National ParkSerbia
RilaBulgaria
See all 50 parks
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CountriesGreece
ParksMount OlympusGreece
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Crepuscular
Solitary
Reptile
Temperate forest
Mountain
Grassland
GreeceCroatiaBulgariaAlbaniaMontenegroRomania

Europe12

AlbaniaAustriaBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaGreeceItalyKosovoMontenegroNorth MacedoniaRomaniaSerbia

Asia2

GeorgiaTürkiye