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  3. Ocellate Freshwater Stingray

One of the 6 rays on WAnimals

Cartilaginous fish · Myliobatiformes · Potamotrygonidae

Ocellate Freshwater Stingray

Potamotrygon motoro

Data Deficient

There is not enough information to assess its risk of extinction.

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The ocellate freshwater stingray is one of the best known freshwater rays of South America, its back covered in orange ocelli ringed with black. The South American river rays descend from marine rays that were trapped in the Amazon basin when the sea withdrew, and today they are entirely freshwater animals.

Weight

5 kg – 15 kg

Size

35 cm – 1 m

Life expectancy

20 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

RainforestFreshwater
12countries27parks

Fun facts

  • Its lineage was trapped inland: it descends from marine rays that moved up the Amazon when that basin was an arm of the sea, and when the ocean withdrew they adapted completely to fresh water, losing the ability to tolerate salinity.
  • Its tail sting causes very painful, slow-healing wounds, and is one of the injuries most feared by fishermen and bathers on the Amazonian rivers.
  • It is heavily caught for the aquarium trade, and its export is regulated in Brazil and Colombia because of how little is known about the real state of its populations.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - cartilaginous skeleton (fish)
Habitat and environment
Rivers, lagoons and floodplains of Amazonia, the Orinoco and the Paraná
Birth weight
10-13 cm disc width at birth
Size at birth
10-13 cm disc width at birth; it is viviparous
Sexual maturity
3 years
Gestation / incubation
3 months of gestation
Litter / clutch size
6 live young

Sources consulted: Wikipedia (es): Potamotrygon motoro

Where to find it

Best time: All year round in the rivers and lagoons of the Amazon, the Orinoco and the Paraná, over shallow sandy bottoms.

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 27.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Ocellate Freshwater Stingray — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about ocellate freshwater stingray.

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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Pantanal MatogrossenseBrazil
ManuPeru
TambopataPeru
Cordillera AzulPeru
YasuníEcuador
AmacayacuColombia
MadidiBolivia
Noel Kempff MercadoBolivia
CanaimaVenezuela
KaieteurGuyana
See all 27 parks
JaguarNear Threatened

Jaguar

Panthera onca

Least Concern

Water Opossum

Chironectes minimus

Amazonian ManateeVulnerable

Amazonian Manatee

Trichechus inunguis

Least Concern

Greater Bulldog Bat

Noctilio leporinus

OcelotLeast Concern

Ocelot

Leopardus pardalis

Lowland TapirVulnerable

Lowland Tapir

Tapirus terrestris

CountriesPeru
ParksPantanal MatogrossenseBrazil
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Nocturnal
Solitary
Fish
Rainforest
Freshwater
Peru
Brazil
Bolivia
Colombia
Suriname
Ecuador
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
French Guiana
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela