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  3. Scimitar-horned Oryx

One of the 4 oryxes on WAnimals

Mammals · Artiodactyla · Bovidae

Scimitar-horned Oryx

Oryx dammah

Critically Endangered

At extremely high risk of imminent extinction in the wild.

Spotted something wrong?

It died out entirely in the wild by around 2000 through overhunting, surviving only in zoo populations, from which it has been successfully reintroduced to reserves in Chad since 2016.

Weight

91 kg – 210 kg

Size

1.1 m – 1.3 m

Life expectancy

14 years

Diet

Herbivore

Feeds mainly on plants.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Herd

Lives in large groups as a strategy against predators.

Estimated population

Several hundred animals reintroduced into the Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Achim reserve, in Chad, plus thousands held in captivity.

Desert
9countries3parks86same family

Fun facts

  • It died out in the wild around the year 2000 and has been reintroduced to Chad since 2016.
  • It can let its body temperature rise to 46.5°C to lose as little water as possible.
  • It can survive as long as ten months without drinking.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Arid steppe and semi-desert on the edge of the Sahara; extinct in the wild since 2000 but reintroduced since
Birth weight
9.3 - 15 kg
Size at birth
Precocial; the mother leaves the herd for a week to give birth before rejoining it
Sexual maturity
1.5-2 years (both sexes)
Gestation / incubation
240-247 days (~8-8.5 months)
Litter / clutch size
1 young per birth, and up to one a year thanks to an immediate post-partum oestrus
Life expectancy in captivity
Documented record of up to 27.5 years in captivity

Sources consulted: Animals Fandom Wiki · JungleDragon · Ultimate Ungulate · AnAge (genomics.senescence.info) · SeaWorld · A-Z Animals · Animalia.bio · Animal Diversity Web

Where to find it

Best time: All year round in the Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Achim reserve, in Chad, where it was reintroduced after becoming extinct in the wild.

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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Scimitar-horned Oryx — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

How to help

The scimitar-horned oryx is classified as critically endangered. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 2 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about scimitar-horned oryx.

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See full glossary
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CountriesTunisia
ParksSouss-MassaMorocco
TagsHerbivore
Herbivore
Diurnal
In herds
Critically Endangered
Desert
Mammal
Tunisia
Morocco
Chad
Libya
Mali
Mauritania
Chad
Libya
Mali
Mauritania
Morocco
Niger
Senegal
Sudan
Tunisia