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  3. Steppe Tortoise

One of the 41 turtles and tortoises on WAnimals

Reptiles · Testudines · Testudinidae

Steppe Tortoise

Testudo horsfieldii

Vulnerable

At high risk of extinction in the wild over the medium term.

Spotted something wrong?

The steppe tortoise or Horsfield's tortoise lives on the arid steppes of Central Asia and spends most of the year underground: it is active for only about three months, between the thaw and the withering of the spring vegetation, and spends the rest buried, hibernating in winter and aestivating in summer. It was the first animal to travel around the Moon.

Weight

1 kg – 2.5 kg

Size

15 cm – 25 cm

Life expectancy

50 years

Diet

Herbivore

Feeds mainly on plants.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Moderate

DesertMountainGrassland
9countries12parks13same family

Fun facts

  • GeneralIt spends as much as nine months a year inactive, alternating hibernation and aestivation underground.
  • Two Russian tortoises were the first living creatures to travel around the Moon and return to Earth: they flew on the Soviet probe Zond 5 in September 1968, three months before the crew of Apollo 8, and survived the journey.
  • It is active for barely three months a year: it emerges with the thaw, eats, breeds and buries itself again when the steppe dries out, spending both summer and winter underground.
  • It digs tunnels up to two metres deep with its flattened front legs, and those burrows shelter many invertebrates and small vertebrates of the steppe.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton with a shell (reptile)
Habitat and environment
Arid steppe, semi-desert and loess slopes of Central Asia
Sexual maturity
10 years
Gestation / incubation
90 days of incubation
Litter / clutch size
4 eggs

Sources consulted: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testudo_horsfieldii

Where to find it

Loading map…

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 12.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Steppe Tortoise — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park
Shares a park

How to help

The steppe tortoise is classified as vulnerable. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 7 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about steppe tortoise.

Comments

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano
See its range on the interactive map→
Altyn EmelKazakhstan
Aksu-ZhabaglyKazakhstan
Golestan National ParkIran
Tajik National ParkTajikistan
Badhyz Nature ReserveTurkmenistan
CharynKazakhstan
Ile-AlatauKazakhstan
Sary-ChelekKyrgyzstan
Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs)Tajikistan
Ugam-ChatkalUzbekistan
See all 12 parks
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Snow Leopard

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CountriesKazakhstan
ParksAltyn EmelKazakhstan
TagsHerbivore
Herbivore
Diurnal
Solitary
Vulnerable
Reptile
Desert
Mountain
Grassland
Kazakhstan
Iran
Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan
China
Iran
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan