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  3. Common Tortoise

One of the 41 turtles and tortoises on WAnimals

Common Tortoise (Testudo graeca)

Reptiles · Testudines · Testudinidae

Common Tortoise

Testudo graeca

Vulnerable

At high risk of extinction in the wild over the medium term.

Spotted something wrong?

It is one of the longest-lived reptiles known, with one confirmed individual reaching 127 years. Its common name of "Greek tortoise" refers not to where it lives but to the resemblance of its shell to the mosaics of classical Greece.

Weight

1 kg – 5 kg

Size

18 cm – 35 cm

Life expectancy

90 years

Diet

Herbivore

Feeds mainly on plants.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Temperate forestDesert
38countries44parks13same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • One confirmed individual reached 127 years of age.
  • Its English name of Greek tortoise refers to the resemblance of its shell to classical mosaics, not to where it lives.
  • It can lay 1 to 3 clutches a year in optimal conditions.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - bony skeleton with a fused shell (reptile)
Habitat and environment
Dry scrub, grassland and rocky slopes of southern Europe, North Africa and south-western Asia
Birth weight
Small egg; hatchling 3.8-5 cm
Size at birth
3.8 - 5 cm of carapace length at hatching
Sexual maturity
6-10 years (figures from captivity; it may take longer in the wild)
Gestation / incubation
60-90 days
Litter / clutch size
3 to 8 eggs per clutch (up to 1-3 clutches a year in ideal conditions)
Life expectancy in captivity
Documented record of 125 years in captivity

Sources consulted: Hepper Pet Resources · The Tortoise Spot · Tortoise Resource Center · PetAge · Animalia.bio · Wikipedia

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 44.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Common Tortoise — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park

How to help

The common tortoise is classified as vulnerable. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 6 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about common tortoise.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the common tortoise.
See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Doñana National ParkSpain
IchkeulTunisia
Ein GediIsrael
Golestan National ParkIran
El-Kouf National ParkLibya
PrespaGreece
Dana Biosphere ReserveJordan
Ebro DeltaSpain
DilijanArmenia
SevanArmenia
See all 44 parks
Vulnerable

Steppe Tortoise

Testudo horsfieldii

Critically Endangered

Pancake Tortoise

Malacochersus tornieri

Hermann's TortoiseNear Threatened

Hermann's Tortoise

Testudo hermanni

Vulnerable

Indian Star Tortoise

Geochelone elegans

Vulnerable

Greater Capricorn Beetle

Cerambyx cerdo

Vulnerable

Egyptian Spiny-tailed Lizard

Uromastyx aegyptia

CountriesMorocco
ParksDoñana National ParkSpain
TagsHerbivore
Herbivore
Diurnal
Solitary
Vulnerable
Reptile
Temperate forest
Desert

Asia17

Europe16

Africa5

Morocco
Algeria
Greece
Spain
Türkiye
Iran
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Oman
Pakistan
Palestine
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Türkiye
Turkmenistan
Yemen
Albania
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
France
Gibraltar
Greece
Italy
Malta
Monaco
Montenegro
North Macedonia
Portugal
Romania
San Marino
Spain
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia