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  3. Black Tern

One of the 2 marsh terns on WAnimals

Birds · Charadriiformes · Laridae

Black Tern

Chlidonias niger

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

The black tern is a small tern of freshwater wetlands, almost entirely black and slate grey while breeding, which tells it apart from any other European tern. It breeds in colonies on floating nests built among aquatic vegetation and takes insects by skimming the surface of the water. In Spain it breeds sparsely and locally in a few wetlands, and its European population has been falling for decades because of the draining of marshes.

Weight

50 g – 75 g

Size

22 cm – 26 cm

Life expectancy

17 years

Diet

Insectivore

Feeds mainly on insects and other invertebrates.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Colony

Lives in large concentrations, often for breeding reasons.

Freshwater
13countries16parks19same family

Fun facts

  • GeneralIt breeds on floating nests anchored to water plants.
  • It is the only European tern that is almost black in breeding plumage, a striking contrast with its white and grey relatives.
  • It does not plunge-dive like the sea terns: it works the surface of the water in light flight, picking insects off it, a feeding style closer to that of a swallow.
  • Its floating nest rises and falls with the water level, but sudden floods and the artificial fluctuations of reservoirs cause whole colonies to be lost.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Shallow lagoons, marshes and wetlands with floating vegetation of Europe and North America
Sexual maturity
2 years
Gestation / incubation
21 days
Litter / clutch size
3

Sources consulted: Wikipedia (es): Chlidonias niger

Where to find it

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The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 16.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Black Tern — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about black tern.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the black tern.
See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano
See its range on the interactive map→
Doñana National ParkSpain
Tablas de DaimielSpain
CamargueFrance
MüritzGermany
Ebro DeltaSpain
Djoudj Bird SanctuarySenegal
BiebrzańskiPoland
KampinoskiPoland
NarwiańskiPoland
PoleskiPoland
See all 16 parks
Least Concern

Black-headed Gull

Chroicocephalus ridibundus

Least Concern

Sandwich Tern

Thalasseus sandvicensis

Little TernLeast Concern

Little Tern

Sternula albifrons

Whiskered TernLeast Concern

Whiskered Tern

Chlidonias hybrida

Lesser Black-backed GullLeast Concern

Lesser Black-backed Gull

Larus fuscus

Herring GullLeast Concern

Herring Gull

Larus argentatus

CountriesPoland
ParksDoñana National ParkSpain
TagsInsectivore
Insectivore
Diurnal
Colonial
Bird
Freshwater

Europe6

Africa4

North America2

Asia1

Poland
Spain
Netherlands
Germany
France
Senegal
France
Germany
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Ukraine
Angola
Ghana
Nigeria
Senegal
Canada
United States
Russia