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One of the 4 quail on WAnimals

Birds · Galliformes · Phasianidae

Japanese Quail

Coturnix japonica

Near Threatened

It could become threatened in the near future if current threats go unchecked.

Spotted something wrong?

The Japanese quail is a small bird of the grasslands of East Asia and, in its domestic form, one of the most important laboratory and farm animals in the world. It was domesticated in Japan in the twelfth century, first as a songbird and from the twentieth century for its eggs and meat. Its extremely fast life cycle has made it a standard model in embryology, genetics and developmental biology.

Weight

90 g – 300 g

Size

17 cm – 20 cm

Life expectancy

5 years

Diet

Omnivore

Combines animal and plant food depending on availability.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Family group

Lives in small family groups with close bonds.

FreshwaterGrassland
8countries21same family

Fun facts

  • GeneralIt is farmed in vast numbers for its eggs, and was the first bird to breed in space.
  • It is one of the classic model organisms of developmental biology: its embryo is studied through a window cut in the shell, and the experiments transplanting tissue between quail and chicken embryos were decisive in understanding how organs form.
  • It was the first bird to reproduce in space: Japanese quail eggs hatched aboard the Mir space station in 1990.
  • It reaches sexual maturity at six weeks and lays almost daily, a cycle so fast that several generations can be studied in a year.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Damp meadows, crops and rough grassland of East Asia; farms worldwide in its domestic form
Birth weight
Precocial: born covered in down and leaves the nest within a few hours
Size at birth
Precocial: born covered in down and leaves the nest within a few hours
Sexual maturity
2.1 months
Gestation / incubation
17 days
Litter / clutch size
8 eggs

Sources consulted: IUCN Red List · Animal Diversity Web · Wikipedia (es)

Where to find it

Best time: From April to August in eastern Asia, during the breeding season; it is far easier to hear than to see, among grassland and tall crops.

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Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Japanese Quail — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

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See full glossary
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See its range on the interactive map→
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Common Quail

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CountriesChina
TagsOmnivore
Omnivore
Diurnal
Family group
Near Threatened
Bird
Freshwater
Grassland
China
India
Japan
Mongolia
North Korea
Russia
South Korea
Vietnam