Malawi
África
Malawi is defined by its lake, which takes up close to a fifth of the territory and fills much of the southern arm of the Great Rift Valley. It is an ancient, deep lake of clear water, with rocky shores, sandy beaches and muddy bottoms that have generated a diversity of fish unmatched in any other lake in the world. Out of the water, the country keeps the Nyika plateau, a rolling expanse of high-altitude grassland where antelopes graze and which fills with orchids in the wet season, and the Mulanje massif, a granite inselberg that rises in isolation above the plain and holds endemic flora. The parks of Liwonde and Majete, in the Shire valley, have in a few years brought back a fauna that had almost completely disappeared.
The nature of Malawi
National animal: No official national animal; the African fish eagle appears on the state coat of arms
Did you know?
Lake Malawi holds close to a thousand cichlid fish species, almost all of them exclusive to its waters: it is the lake with the most freshwater fish species in the world. What is astonishing is the speed of the process, since all that diversity has arisen in a geologically very short time from a handful of ancestors, in what is regarded as one of the fastest evolutionary radiations documented in vertebrates.
Biodiversity profile
Climate
- •Tropical con estacion seca (Aw), moderado por la altitud y la influencia del Lago Malaui, que ocupa aprox. un tercio del territorio
Main biomes
- •Sabana y bosque de miombo
- •Bosque montano en la Meseta de Nyika y el Monte Mulanje
- •Ecosistema lacustre del Lago Malaui (Gran Valle del Rift)
- •Lago antiguo tropical
- •Pradera de altitud
- •Inselberg de granito
- •Bosque de miombo
- •Llanura inundable fluvial
- •Bosque de niebla
- •Orilla rocosa lacustre
Marine and coastal ecosystems
- •No aplica (pais sin litoral); el Lago Malaui (tercer lago mas grande de Africa) es el ecosistema acuatico mas importante del pais y uno de los mas biodiversos del mundo en agua dulce
Flagship wildlife
- •Cíclidos del Lago Malaui (cientos de especies)
- •Elefante de sabana (Liwonde, Majete)
- •Antilope ruano (Nyika)
- •Alethe de Thyolo (ave rara y amenazada, Monte Mulanje)
- •Cíclidos mbuna
- •Elefante africano de sabana
- •Hipopótamo
- •Rinoceronte negro
- •León africano
- •Guepardo
- •Cocodrilo del Nilo
- •Águila pescadora africana
- •Cebra de llanura
Notable endemic species
- •El Lago Malaui alberga entre 700 y 1.000 especies de peces cíclidos, de las cuales aprox. 99% son endemicas exclusivas del lago, la mayor diversidad de peces de cualquier lago del planeta
- •Mas del 90% de las aprox. 500-1.000 especies de peces del pais son endemicas
- •Cedro de Mulanje, arbol endemico del Monte Mulanje y arbol nacional de Malaui
- •Cíclidos endémicos del lago Malaui
- •Cedro de Mulanje
- •Camaleón de Mulanje
Notable threatened species
- •117 especies del Lago Malaui catalogadas como vulnerables por su distribucion extremadamente restringida (algunas limitadas a tramos de costa rocosa de pocos cientos de metros)
- •Alethe de Thyolo (En Peligro, endemica del Monte Mulanje)
- •Varias especies de cíclidos ornamentales (ej. Aulonocara baenschi) en peligro critico por sobreexplotacion para el comercio de acuarofilia
Notable protected areas
- •Parque Nacional del Lago Malaui (Patrimonio Mundial, 1980)
- •Parque Nacional de Nyika (meseta de alta montaña)
- •Monte Mulanje (cedro endemico, alethe de Thyolo)
- •Reserva de Majete
- •Parque Nacional de Liwonde
- •Macizo de Mulanje
- •Reserva de Nkhotakota
Main conservation threats
- •Sobrepesca y contaminacion del Lago Malaui, que amenazan su biodiversidad de cíclidos unica en el mundo
- •Introduccion de especies invasoras (tilapia del Nilo) que compiten con cíclidos nativos
- •Comercio internacional de peces ornamentales que presiona a especies de distribucion muy restringida
Notable natural phenomena
- •El Lago Malaui es considerado un "laboratorio viviente" de radiacion evolutiva, siendo el lago con mayor riqueza de especies de peces del planeta
Conservation
Majete and Liwonde have been the setting for reintroductions of cheetah, lion and black rhinoceros, and for one of the largest elephant translocations in history, with hundreds of animals moved between reserves. Overfishing threatens the lake's cichlids.
Where and when to watch wildlife
The rocky shores of the lake year-round for cichlids with mask and snorkel. Liwonde in the dry season for elephants and rhinoceroses. Nyika between December and April for orchids and antelopes.
Sources: GRID-Arendal - Area protected biodiversity Malawi | Living Lakes Network - Lake Malawi | Wikipedia - Fauna of Malawi | BioDB.com - Malawi
Parks and reserves
Lago Malaui
The first national park in the world created to protect freshwater fish, with hundreds of endemic cichlids.
View parkGame ReserveMajete
A reserve emptied by poaching and restocked from scratch, now an African model of recovery.
View parkNational ParkNyika
Malawi's largest national park; a plateau above 2,500 metres with a subalpine climate unusual at this tropical latitude
View parkNational ParkLiwonde National Park
On the banks of the Shire River, it has seen a remarkable recovery of its wildlife after an ambitious reintroduction programme.
View parkPaíses similares
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Especies documentadas en Malawi
178 species found
Critically EndangeredWhite-backed Vulture
Gyps africanus
Critically EndangeredBlack Rhinoceros
Diceros bicornis
EndangeredMartial Eagle
Polemaetus bellicosus
EndangeredEgyptian Vulture
Neophron percnopterus
EndangeredAfrican Savanna Elephant
Loxodonta africana
EndangeredAfrican Wild Dog
Lycaon pictus
VulnerableCheetah
Acinonyx jubatus
VulnerableCommon Hippopotamus
Hippopotamus amphibius
VulnerableGiraffe
Giraffa camelopardalis
VulnerableLion
Panthera leo
VulnerableLeopard
Panthera pardus
VulnerableAfrican Leopard
Panthera pardus pardus
Keep exploring
Based on what we already know about Malawi.