Tanzania

África

Capital: DodomaJune to September

Tanzania brings together the largest set of protected natural areas in East Africa and some of the most recognisable settings on the continent. The Serengeti, a plain of grass almost without trees, is the stage for the greatest land migration of mammals on the planet, with more than a million wildebeest accompanied by zebras and gazelles in an annual cycle that follows the rains. The Ngorongoro crater, the largest intact caldera in the world, encloses a complete ecosystem with thousands of resident animals. Kilimanjaro rises in isolation to almost six thousand metres and strings together rainforest, heath and high-altitude desert. In the south, Nyerere and Ruaha protect immense stretches of miombo and savannah, and on the coast Zanzibar and Mafia contribute reefs, mangroves and a colobus found only on the island.

The nature of Tanzania

National animal: The giraffe, Tanzania's national animal

Did you know?

Lake Natron is a soda lake whose waters reach a pH capable of damaging the skin of most animals. Precisely for that reason it is the only place where almost the entire East African population of lesser flamingo breeds regularly: the birds build cones of mud on the salt crust and raise their chicks in a setting almost no predator can approach.

Biodiversity profile

Africa OrientalEl ecosistema Selous-Nyerere (aprox. 50.000 km2) es uno de los mayores paisajes silvestres protegidos de Africa; Tanzania alberga multiples sitios Patrimonio Mundial (Serengeti, Ngorongoro) y una de las mayores coberturas de areas protegidas del continente

Climate

  • Tropical con estacion seca (Aw) en la mayor parte del territorio
  • Templado de montaña en el Monte Kilimanjaro y el Arco Oriental
  • Semiarido en zonas centrales

Main biomes

  • Sabana de acacia-commiphora (Serengeti, Tarangire)
  • Bosques del Arco Oriental (Udzungwa, Uluguru, Rungwe, "islas" de biodiversidad de altisimo endemismo)
  • Bosque costero del este de Africa
  • Miombo (bosque seco de tierras bajas)
  • Pradera de sabana
  • Caldera volcánica
  • Bosque de miombo
  • Lago alcalino
  • Bosque afromontano
  • Arrecife de coral índico
  • Manglar costero

Marine and coastal ecosystems

  • Costa del Oceano Indico, con arrecifes de coral y manglares alrededor de Zanzibar y el continente
  • Aguas ricas en delfines, tortugas marinas y peces de arrecife

Flagship wildlife

Notable endemic species

  • 20 especies de primates (4 endemicas), 34 de antilopes (2 endemicas), 290 de reptiles (75 endemicas), 40 especies de anfibios endemicas, y aprox. 11.000 especies de plantas con numerosos endemismos
  • El Lago Tanganica, segundo lago mas profundo del mundo, alberga mas de 250 especies endemicas de peces cíclidos
  • Tres especies de aves endemicas exclusivas del Serengeti, ninguna registrada en el vecino Masai Mara (Kenia)
  • Colobo rojo de Zanzíbar
  • Sengi de cara gris
  • Kipunji

Notable threatened species

  • Rinoceronte negro (En Peligro Critico, poblacion en recuperacion en zonas protegidas)
  • Elefante de sabana (Vulnerable/En Peligro segun poblacion, fuerte presion de caza furtiva historica)
  • Numerosas especies endemicas de peces cíclidos del Lago Tanganica vulnerables a la sobrepesca y contaminacion

Notable protected areas

  • Parque Nacional del Serengeti (Patrimonio Mundial, Gran Migracion)
  • Area de Conservacion de Ngorongoro (Patrimonio Mundial)
  • Ecosistema Selous-Nyerere (uno de los mayores paisajes protegidos de Africa)
  • Parque Nacional del Kilimanjaro
  • Parque Nacional de Nyerere
  • Parque Nacional de Gombe
  • Parque Marino de la Isla de Mafia

Main conservation threats

  • Caza furtiva de elefantes y rinocerontes
  • Presion demografica y expansion agricola en zonas colindantes a parques
  • Cambio climatico sobre los ecosistemas de "islas" del Arco Oriental, altamente sensibles por su aislamiento geografico

Notable natural phenomena

  • El Monte Kilimanjaro es el pico mas alto de Africa
  • Las montañas del Arco Oriental son consideradas "islas de biodiversidad" por su altisimo endemismo pese a su reducida extension

Conservation

At Gombe, Jane Goodall documented in 1960 that chimpanzees make and use tools, a finding that forced a redefinition of the boundary between humans and the rest of the animals. The Udzungwa mountains still keep yielding species new to science.

Where and when to watch wildlife

The Serengeti between January and March for wildebeest calving in the south and between July and September for the river crossings. Ngorongoro year-round. Mafia between October and March for whale sharks.

Sources: a-z-animals.com - Wildlife in Tanzania | eac.int - Biodiversity East African Community | Wikipedia - Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets | Key Biodiversity Areas - Serengeti National Park factsheet

Natural phenomena in Tanzania

  • Gran Migración: cruce del río MaraJulio a octubre
  • Gran Migración: temporada de cría en NdutuEnero a marzo (pico en febrero)
  • Cría de flamencos enanos en el lago NatronJunio a octubre (anidación ago-oct)

Parks and reserves

Conservation Area

Ngorongoro

The largest intact, unflooded volcanic caldera in the world, with one of the highest densities of wildlife in Africa

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National Park

Nyerere (antiguo Selous)

Renamed in 2019 after Tanzania's first president; one of the largest protected wildlife areas in Africa

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National Park

Serengeti National Park

The setting of the great annual migration of wildebeest and zebra, and one of the best places in the world to see the complete Big Five.

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National Park

Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro is the highest free-standing mountain in the world and the highest peak in Africa

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National Park

Nyerere (ex Selous)

One of Africa's largest protected areas, on the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2014 because of poaching and a major dam.

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National Park

Lago Manyara

An alkaline lake at the foot of the Rift with tree-climbing lions and large flamingo gatherings.

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National Park

Arusha

Three settings in one small park: the Ngurdoto crater, the Momella lakes and Mount Meru.

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National Park

Gombe Stream

Where Jane Goodall began in 1960 the longest-running study of wild chimpanzees in the history of primatology

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National Park

Rubondo Island

An island out in Lake Victoria where chimpanzees rescued from European circuses and zoos were reintroduced in the 1960s and 1970s

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National Park

Katavi

One of the most remote and least visited parks in Tanzania, with some of the largest hippopotamus concentrations in Africa through the dry season

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Fauna que puedes ver ahora

¿Qué merece la pena observar este mes en Tanzania?

Common WildebeestLeast Concern

Common Wildebeest

Connochaetes taurinus

Ahora es buena época: Gran Migración: cruce del río Mara (Julio a octubre)

Plains ZebraLeast Concern

Plains Zebra

Equus quagga

Ahora es buena época: Gran Migración: cruce del río Mara (Julio a octubre)

Lesser FlamingoNear Threatened

Lesser Flamingo

Phoeniconaias minor

Ahora es buena época: Cría de flamencos enanos en el lago Natron (Junio a octubre (anidación ago-oct))

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Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about Tanzania.