Serbia

Europa

Serbia combines the Pannonian plain of the north with the Dinaric and Balkan mountains of the south, and has the Danube as its great natural axis. At the Iron Gates, the river squeezes between limestone cliffs to form the largest gorge in Europe, a bottleneck for migrating birds and former sturgeon territory now blocked by dams. Mount Tara keeps mixed forests with a relict conifer, the Serbian spruce, which survived the glaciations in a minute area and grows naturally nowhere else. To the north, the Deliblato sands form the largest continental dune system in Europe, a fragment of sandy steppe with a flora and fauna of its own. The canyons of the Uvac and the Mileševka, with their incised meanders, are the heart of the griffon vulture's recovery in the Balkans.

The nature of Serbia

National animal: The grey wolf is the national emblematic animal; the double-headed eagle is the heraldic symbol

Did you know?

The griffon vulture of the Uvac canyon came close to vanishing from Serbia: in the 1970s barely a few dozen birds were left, poisoned by baits laid for wolves. A programme of supplementary feeding and surveillance built the colony up into one of the largest in the Balkans, with several hundred birds soaring over the meanders that today even underpin the recolonisation of neighbouring countries.

Biodiversity profile

Balcanes (interior, cuenca del Danubio y montañas balcanicas)Dato no disponible con precision agregada nacional en fuentes verificadas consultadas; el bosque cubre entre 35-40% del territorio segun evaluaciones regionales recientes

Climate

  • Continental humedo (Cfb/Dfb) en la mayor parte del pais
  • Clima de montaña en el sur (Stara Planina, Suva Planina)

Main biomes

  • Llanura panonica (norte, Vojvodina, muy transformada agricolamente)
  • Bosque montano balcanico (sur)
  • Bosque de ribera del Danubio y sus afluentes
  • Desfiladero fluvial
  • Estepa arenosa continental
  • Bosque relicto de coníferas
  • Cañón kárstico
  • Humedal panónico
  • Bosque de ribera danubiano
  • Pastizal de montaña

Marine and coastal ecosystems

  • No aplica (pais sin litoral)

Flagship wildlife

Notable endemic species

  • Aprox. 27% de las especies vegetales de la antigua Republica Federal de Yugoslavia (incluida Serbia) eran endemicas del hotspot balcanico, con 392 especies y subespecies endemicas del Balkan y 87 endemismos de rango estrecho exclusivos del pais (59 de ellos exclusivos solo de Serbia)
  • Abeto serbio (Picea omorika), conifera relicta terciaria restringida a una pequeña area de Serbia occidental y Bosnia oriental, en las montañas sobre el rio Drina
  • Picea de Serbia
  • Lince balcánico

Notable threatened species

  • Abeto serbio (Vulnerable, relicto terciario de distribucion extremadamente restringida, fue mucho mas extendido en Europa durante el Terciario)
  • Lince balcanico (En Peligro Critico, con registros ocasionales pero no confirmados de reproduccion estable en Serbia)

Notable protected areas

  • Parque Nacional Tara (habitat del abeto serbio, sobre el rio Drina)
  • Montañas Stara Planina y Suva Planina (sur)
  • Parque Nacional de Đerdap
  • Parque Nacional de Tara
  • Reserva Especial del Uvac
  • Reserva de las Arenas de Deliblato
  • Parque Nacional de Fruška Gora
  • Reserva de Zasavica

Main conservation threats

  • Conversion historica casi total de la llanura panonica del norte a tierra agricola
  • Fragmentacion de habitat de montaña en el sur, afectando corredores para el lince balcanico
  • Capacidad limitada de ONGs locales de conservacion pese a su compromiso activo

Notable natural phenomena

  • El abeto serbio, hoy restringido a un area minuscula, es un relicto viviente de bosques que cubrian gran parte de Europa hace millones de años durante el Terciario

Conservation

The Danube dams have cut the spawning routes of the sturgeons, among them the beluga sturgeon, the largest freshwater fish in Europe. The griffon vulture's recovery on the Uvac is the great national success story.

Where and when to watch wildlife

The Uvac year-round by boat along the meanders for griffon vultures. Đerdap in spring and autumn for raptor migration. Deliblato in May for steppe flora and open-country birds.

Sources: FAA Section 119 Biodiversity Analysis Serbia and Montenegro | seerural.org - Sustainable Forest Management Western Balkan Region

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