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  3. River Lamprey

One of the 2 lampreys on WAnimals

Lampreys · Petromyzontiformes · Petromyzontidae

River Lamprey

Lampetra fluviatilis

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

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It is one of the most primitive living vertebrates, entirely without true jaws and with a wholly cartilaginous skeleton. At spawning, both parents die shortly after the eggs are laid.

Weight

50 g – 150 g

Size

32 cm – 50 cm

Life expectancy

6 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

Freshwater
18countries28parks16dive sites1same family

Fun facts

  • It has no true jaws at all, making it one of the most primitive living vertebrates.
  • The male coils around the female with his sucker mouth during spawning.
  • Its blind larvae (ammocoetes) live buried in the sediment for years.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - jawless cartilaginous skeleton (agnathan)
Habitat and environment
Freshwater rivers, streams and lakes of Europe, with a coastal marine phase in its migratory (anadromous) form
Birth weight
A tiny egg; a blind ammocoete larva on hatching
Size at birth
A tiny blind ammocoete larva that lives buried in the sediment for several years
Sexual maturity
Reached after metamorphosis at 13 cm long, generally between 3 and 5 years old
Gestation / incubation
The egg develops over a few weeks (no precise figure found)
Litter / clutch size
Up to 25,000 eggs per female

Sources consulted: FishBase; The Wildlife Trusts; Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust; Forth Rivers Trust; AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); Devon Wildlife Trust

Where to find it

Best time: From April to June, during spawning, when the adults run up the rivers and shift the gravel with their sucker to build the nest.

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 20 of 44.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with River Lamprey — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park
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Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about river lamprey.

Comments

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See full glossary
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The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Lake DistrictUnited Kingdom
KillarneyIreland
Peneda-GeresPortugal
LahemaaEstonia
Peak DistrictUnited Kingdom
MuritzGermany
Cíes IslandsSpain
Duero InternacionalPortugal
Ria FormosaPortugal
KosterhavetSweden
Scapa FlowUnited Kingdom
Farne IslandsUnited Kingdom
Berlengas IslandsPortugal
St AbbsUnited Kingdom
Malin HeadIreland
Cíes IslandsSpain
SesimbraPortugal
Rügen (Baltic amber)Germany
Vrouw Maria wreckFinland
Turku ArchipelagoFinland
See all 28 parks
See all 16 dive sites
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Least Concern

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PikeLeast Concern

Pike

Esox lucius

Three-spined SticklebackLeast Concern

Three-spined Stickleback

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GiltheadLeast Concern

Gilthead

Sparus aurata

CountriesUnited Kingdom
ParksLake DistrictUnited Kingdom
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Nocturnal
Solitary
Freshwater

Europe17

Asia1

United Kingdom
Portugal
Germany
Spain
Estonia
Finland
Belarus
Belgium
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Iceland
Ireland
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Russia