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  3. West Indian Manatee

One of the 4 manatees on WAnimals

West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus)

Mammals · Sirenia · Trichechidae

West Indian Manatee

Trichechus manatus

Vulnerable

At high risk of extinction in the wild over the medium term.

Spotted something wrong?

Unlike almost every other mammal — the giraffe and its relatives the elephants included — it has only six neck vertebrae instead of seven, which stops it turning its head independently of its body.

Weight

450 kg – 1.6 t

Size

2.7 m – 4 m

Life expectancy

60 years

Diet

Herbivore

Feeds mainly on plants.

Activity

Irregular activity

Active at irregular times, by day or night depending on circumstances.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Moderate

OceanFreshwater
36countries14parks9dive sites3same family1natural phenomena

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It has to turn its whole body to look sideways.
  • It eats a wide range of water plants, as many as 60 different species.
  • It lives in warm coastal waters, estuaries, rivers and canals of the Caribbean and the south-eastern United States.
  • taxonomíaFor all that it lives in water, its closest living relatives are not other marine mammals but elephants.
  • fisiologíaIt can eat up to 10% of its body weight in water plants a day, and its teeth are replaced continuously through its life as sand wears them down.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Warm coastal waters, estuaries, rivers and fresh and brackish canals of the Caribbean and the south-eastern United States
Birth weight
~27-32 kg (60-70 lb) at birth
Size at birth
~27-32 kg at birth
Sexual maturity
Female: 3-5 years | Male: 5-7 years
Gestation / incubation
~12 months
Litter / clutch size
1 young per birth (twins rare), with some 2 years between births
Life expectancy in captivity
Documented record of up to 65 years

Sources consulted: Menjelajahi Perbedaan Manatee Dugong (traducido); ScienceDirect (Amazonian manatee progesterone study); Anatomical Record (Amazonian manatee reproductive anatomy study); FWC Florida; NPS Mammals; Ocean Info (Dugong vs Manatee)

Where to find it

Best time: From December to March in Florida, when it gathers at warm springs and at the warm outflows of power stations.

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 19 of 23.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with West Indian Manatee — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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How to help

The west indian manatee is classified as vulnerable. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 11 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about west indian manatee.

Comments

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The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Sian Ka'anMexico
TortugueroCosta Rica
Río PlátanoHonduras
Bacalar ChicoBelize
Ciénaga de ZapataCuba
Los HaitisesDominican Republic
CahuitaCosta Rica
Los KatiosColombia
PortobeloPanama
Indio MaizNicaragua
Turneffe AtollBelize
Ambergris CayeBelize
Bocas del ToroPanama
San Blas Islands (Guna Yala)Panama
Banco ChinchorroMexico
XcalakMexico
Morrocoy National ParkVenezuela
Hol Chan Marine ReserveBelize
Blue Hole (Turneffe)Belize
See all 14 parks
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CountriesBelize
ParksSian Ka'anMexico
TagsHerbivore
Herbivore
Variable activity
Solitary
Vulnerable
Ocean
Freshwater
Mammal

North America33

South America3

Belize
Panama
Mexico
Venezuela
Colombia
Costa Rica
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Costa Rica
Cuba
Curaçao
Dominica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Martinique
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands
United States
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela