Birds · Passeriformes · Buphagidae

Red-billed Oxpecker

Buphagus erythrorynchus

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk. See full glossary

The red-billed oxpecker lives literally on top of the large African mammals: giraffes, buffalo, antelopes, rhinos and domestic livestock. It grips the coat with short legs and strongly curved claws and works its way over the animal's body in search of ticks, flies and flakes of skin. The relationship was long considered an example of pure mutualism, but recent studies have qualified that reading considerably.

Weight

42 g – 59 g

Size

19 cm – 21 cm

Lifespan

15 years

Diet

Insectivore

Feeds mainly on insects and other invertebrates.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Family group

Lives in small family groups with close bonds.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

Fun facts

  • GeneralIt lives on buffalo, giraffes and rhinos eating ticks, and warns them of danger.
  • It is not as clean a mutualism as was believed: as well as taking ticks, it opens and keeps open its hosts' wounds in order to drink blood, and several studies suggest that it behaves more as an occasional parasite than as a disinterested cleaner.
  • It sleeps on the animal too: it spends the night clinging to the neck or belly of a giraffe or a buffalo, without coming down to the ground.

Life cycle & biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat & environment
Savannah and grassland of eastern and southern Africa with large wild grazers or livestock
Birth weight
Altricial: born blind, naked or with sparse down and entirely dependent
Size at birth
Altricial: born blind, naked or with sparse down and entirely dependent
Sexual maturity
12 months
Gestation / incubation
13 days of incubation
Litter / clutch size
3 eggs

Sources consulted: https://www.iucnredlist.org/ | https://animaldiversity.org/ | https://es.wikipedia.org/

Where to watch it

Parques y spots de buceo donde se ha documentado esta especie — se muestran 10 de 34 documentados.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Red-billed Oxpecker — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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